膀胱尿路上皮癌是泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，占尿路上皮癌的90%~95%。尽管目前局限性尿路上皮 MIBC (T2-4cN0M0) 的标准新辅助治疗是在根治性膀胱切除术前以顺铂为基础的化疗，但局限性尿路上皮 MIBC 患者的表现仍然较差，总体生存获益较少。此外，近一半的 MIBC 患者由于慢性肾脏疾病和体能状态而没有资格接受顺铂治疗。尽管免疫治疗、免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）已被确定为局部和转移性膀胱癌的一线或二线治疗药物，其不良反应较少且预后良好，但新辅助免疫治疗很少用于这些患者的治疗，因为新辅助免疫治疗较少用于治疗这些患者。规模临床随机研究和有限的结果。因此，我们根据已发表的文章和临床研究回顾了膀胱尿路上皮癌新辅助免疫治疗的疗效和安全性进展，这可以为临床治疗发展提供更多的理论证据和有前景的策略。© 2024。外科肿瘤学会。

Urothelial bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the urinary system, which accounts for 90~95% of urothelial carcinoma. Despite the current standard neoadjuvant management for localized urothelial MIBC (T2-4cN0M0) is cisplatin-based chemotherapy before radical cystectomy, there still had poor performances and less overall survival benefits in patients with localized urothelial MIBC. Moreover, nearly half of MIBC patients were ineligible for receiving cisplatin because of chronic kidney disease and performance status. Although immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been identified as first or second-line treatments for localized and metastasis bladder cancer based on less adverse reactions and favorable outcomes, neoadjuvant immunotherapy had rarely used for the treatment of these patients because of less large-scale clinical randomized studies and limited outcomes. Therefore, we reviewed the advances of efficacy and safety with neoadjuvant immunotherapy for urothelial bladder cancer depended on published articles and clinical studies, which could provide more theoretical evidences and promising strategy for clinical therapeutic development.© 2024. Society of Surgical Oncology.