NKT 细胞是连接先天免疫和适应性免疫的独特淋巴细胞，为治疗哮喘等炎症性疾病提供了巨大的潜力。激活 iNKT 会诱导 IFN-γ、TGF-β、IL-2 和 IL-10 的增加，从而可能抑制过敏性哮喘。然而，它们的免疫调节作用，包括颗粒酶穿孔素介导的细胞毒性以及 TIM-3 和 TRAIL 的表达，需要仔细考虑并采取有针对性的方法。尽管 CAR-T 细胞疗法在治疗某些癌症方面取得了显着的成功，但其局限性使得需要探索替代方法。在这种背景下，CAR-NKT细胞成为克服这些挑战的一种有前景的方法，有可能实现更安全、更有效的免疫疗法。策略涉及针对不同的 IgE 受体及其与 CAR-NKT 细胞的相互作用，可能破坏过敏原肥大细胞/嗜碱性粒细胞的相互作用并防止炎症细胞因子的释放。此外，针对真菌性哮喘的免疫检查点（如 PDL-2、诱导型 ICOS、FASL、CTLA-4 和 CD137 或 dectin-1）可以进一步调节免疫反应。此外，人工智能和机器学习有望彻底改变基于 NKT 细胞的哮喘治疗。人工智能可以优化 CAR-NKT 细胞功能，设计个性化治疗策略，开启精准有效护理的未来。本综述讨论了增强 CAR-NKT 细胞功效和寿命的各种方法，以及它们在治疗过敏性哮喘中面临的挑战和机遇。© 2024。作者获得 Springer Science Business Media, LLC 的独家许可，施普林格自然的一部分。

NKT cells, unique lymphocytes bridging innate and adaptive immunity, offer significant potential for managing inflammatory disorders like asthma. Activating iNKT induces increasing IFN-γ, TGF-β, IL-2, and IL-10 potentially suppressing allergic asthma. However, their immunomodulatory effects, including granzyme-perforin-mediated cytotoxicity, and expression of TIM-3 and TRAIL warrant careful consideration and targeted approaches. Although CAR-T cell therapy has achieved remarkable success in treating certain cancers, its limitations necessitate exploring alternative approaches. In this context, CAR-NKT cells emerge as a promising approach for overcoming these challenges, potentially achieving safer and more effective immunotherapies. Strategies involve targeting distinct IgE-receptors and their interactions with CAR-NKT cells, potentially disrupting allergen-mast cell/basophil interactions and preventing inflammatory cytokine release. Additionally, targeting immune checkpoints like PDL-2, inducible ICOS, FASL, CTLA-4, and CD137 or dectin-1 for fungal asthma could further modulate immune responses. Furthermore, artificial intelligence and machine learning hold immense promise for revolutionizing NKT cell-based asthma therapy. AI can optimize CAR-NKT cell functionalities, design personalized treatment strategies, and unlock a future of precise and effective care. This review discusses various approaches to enhancing CAR-NKT cell efficacy and longevity, along with the challenges and opportunities they present in the treatment of allergic asthma.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.