随着乳房切除率的上升，选择进行乳房切除术后乳房再造的患者数量不断增加，而植入式手术是乳房切除后乳房再造中使用最多的方法。在可能出现的并发症中，最令人担心的是重建的损失。它可能与多种原因有关，但最常见的原因之一是植入物感染，这可能导致抗生素治疗时间延长、不必要的额外手术、包膜挛缩发生率增加以及美观效果不理想，对患者产生巨大的心理影响。这项研究的主要目的是分析我们机构的感染率状况，并评估我们的预防方案自推出以来的有效性。其次，我们比较了的里雅斯特医院（该医院自 2020 年以来一直采用该方案）和另一个中心（我们团队的整形外科医生参与其中）的植入式乳房重建术后手术部位感染（SSI）的数据，并采取了不同的预防程序我们招募了 396 名女性患者，她们接受了基于植入物的乳房重建，使用确定性乳房植入物或乳房组织扩张器，使用或不使用 ADM（脱细胞真皮基质），用于乳腺癌和 BRCA1/2 患者的风险降低手术。在的里雅斯特医院接受治疗并使用预防方案的患者被视为实验组（第 1 组），而在戈里齐亚由同一乳腺团队采用标准化最佳实践规则进行治疗但未使用预防方案的患者协议，被认为是对照组（第2组）。第一组感染患者为 5 例（1.7%），第二组感染患者为 8 例（7.9%），总体感染率为 3.2%。引入我们的预防方案后，乳房手术后的感染发生率降低了使用植入物或组织扩张器。

With the rise in the mastectomy rate, the number of patients who choose to undergo postmastectomy reconstruction has been increasing, and implant-based procedures are the most performed methods for postmastectomy breast reconstruction. Among the possible complications, the most feared is the loss of reconstruction. It can be related to several reasons, but one of the most common is infection of the implant, which can lead to prolonged antibiotic treatment, undesired additional surgical procedures, increased incidence of capsular contracture, and unsatisfactory aesthetics results, with a huge psychological impact on patients.The primary intent of this study is to analyze the status of infection rates at our institution and evaluate the effectiveness of our prevention protocol since its introduction. Secondly, we compared data of the surgical site infections (SSIs) after implant-based breast reconstruction at Trieste Hospital, where the protocol has been employed since 2020, and in another center, where plastic surgeons of our team are involved, with different prevention procedures.We enrolled 396 female patients, who underwent implant-based breast reconstruction, using definitive mammary implants or breast tissue expanders, with or without ADM (acellular dermal matrix), both for breast cancer and risk-reducing surgery in BRCA1/2 patients. Patients treated at the Hospital of Trieste, with the use of the prevention protocol, were considered the experimental group (group 1), while patients treated in Gorizia by the same breast team with standardized best-practice rules, but without the use of the prevention protocol, were considered the control group (group 2). Infected patients were 5 in the first group (1.7%) and 8 in the second one (7.9%), with a global infection rate of 3.2%.After the introduction of our prevention protocol, we faced a lower incidence of infection after breast surgery with implants or tissue expanders.