多年来，止吐药物的进步改善了化疗引起的恶心和呕吐（CINV）的控制。然而，尽管进行了止吐治疗，但在相当数量的成年患者（约 30%）中，CINV 仍然持续存在，导致多种并发症，如电解质失衡、厌食和治疗中断。支持性护理干预措施在癌症护理中赢得了信誉，有助于改善患者的心理身体状况、生活质量和管理症状，包括 CINV。体育锻炼和量身定制的营养咨询已证明有助于减轻恶心和呕吐的严重程度。心理干预被认为是控制预期恶心/呕吐的关键方法，并且针灸/穴位按摩已被证明可以减少化疗后的恶心和呕吐。在当前的综述中，我们的目标是提供当前 CINV 预防性和延迟止吐指南的临床更新，并概述为缓解癌症患者 CINV 而测试的非药物干预措施。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。保留所有权利。

Over the years, advancements in antiemetic drugs have improved chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) control. However, despite the antiemetics therapies, in a relevant number of adult patients (~30%), CINV is still persistent, leading to several complications, such as electrolyte imbalances, anorexia, and treatment discontinuation. Supportive care interventions have gained credibility in cancer care, helping to improve patients' psycho-physical condition, quality of life, and managing symptoms, including CINV. Physical exercise and tailored nutritional counseling have demonstrated benefits in reducing the severity of nausea and vomiting. Psychological intervention has been postulated as a key approach in controlling anticipatory nausea/vomiting, as well as acupuncture/acupressure has been shown to decrease nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy treatments. In the current review, we aim to provide a clinical update on current prophylactic and delayed antiemetic guidelines for CINV and an overview of the non-pharmacological interventions tested for alleviating CINV in patients with cancer.Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.