饮食模式正迅速成为 CKD 医学营养治疗的主要焦点，饮食模式分析已成为评估整体饮食的定性和定量方面的实用方法。在后验数据驱动方法中，饮食模式基于所评估人群的实际食物摄入量。对 CKD 饮食模式的调查尚未得到很好的描述，据我们所知，尚未在英国的队列中进行过研究。患有诊断肾脏疾病（CKD 1-5 不需要透析）的成年参与者被招募到一个多研究小组中。中心观察横断面研究。使用欧洲诺福克癌症前瞻性调查问卷食物摄入量进行评估。逻辑主成分分析用于识别食物组群。使用单变量一般线性模型评估组间差异。总共纳入 696 名患者。平均年龄为 64.7 (±14.0) 岁，其中 61% 为男性。大多数参与者是英国白人（89%）。平均 eGFR 为 36.6 (±20.9) ml/min/1.732。我们发现不同阶段的食物组摄入量（例如，CKD 1-2 期与 CKD 4 期相比，坚果和种子摄入量较多）和性别之间（例如，女性与男性相比，水果和蔬菜摄入量较高）存在差异。与参考队列的比较显示，总体而言，CKD 队列减少了谷物和谷物制品等食品的摄入量，但肉类和肉制品等食品的摄入量较高。尽管维生素 B2 和钙在早期阶段较高，但微量营养素的差异有限。总体而言，一种新颖的后验方法的研究结果强调了 CKD 中食物模式的复杂多样性。我们的研究结果可以告知营养师和其他医疗保健提供者在提供饮食建议时需要考虑治疗方式和阶段。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。

Dietary patterns are rapidly becoming a major focus of medical nutrition therapy in CKD and the analysis of dietary patterns has emerged as a practical approach to evaluate qualitative as well as quantitative aspects of overall diet. In an a-posteriori data-driven approach, dietary patterns are based on the actual food intake of the population evaluated. Investigation of dietary patterns in CKD are not well described, and, to our knowledge, have not been conducted in a UK-based cohort.Adult participants with a diagnosed kidney condition (CKD 1-5 not requiring dialysis) were recruited into a multi-centre observational cross-sectional study. Dietary intake was assessed using the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer in Norfolk Food Frequency Questionnaire. Logistic Principal Components Analysis was used to identify food group clusters. Differences between groups were assessed using univariate general linear modelling.In total, 696 patients were included. The mean age was 64.7 (±14.0) years, 61% of the cohort were male. Most participants were White British (89%). The mean eGFR was 36.6 (±20.9) ml/min/1.732. We found differences in food group intake across stages (e.g., greater intake of nuts and seeds intake in CKD 1-2 versus CKD 4) and across sex (e.g., females had a higher intake of fruit and vegetables versus males). Comparison with the reference cohort revealed that, overall, the CKD cohort had reduced intakes of food stuffs such as cereals and cereal products, but higher intakes of groups such as meat and meat products. There were limited differences in micronutrients, although Vitamin B2 and calcium were higher in earlier stages.Overall, the findings from a novel a-posteriori approach underline the complex diversity of food patterns in CKD. The findings from our study may inform dieticians and other healthcare providers about the need to consider treatment modalities and stages when giving dietary recommendations.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.