与传统治疗方式相比，使用不同类型的新药和微创疗法来改善癌症治疗已经取得了广泛的成果，传统治疗方式普遍存在许多缺点，例如耐药性、非选择性和高成本，抑制他们的临床反应。过去几十年来，应用天然化合物预防和治疗不同的癌细胞引起了制药界和科学界的极大关注。尽管纳米技术在癌症治疗中的应用仍处于初级阶段，但纳米治疗药物的应用已被证明可以减少与使用天然化合物相关的各种限制，例如物理/化学不稳定性、水溶性差和生物利用度低。尽管纳米技术有望提高天然化合物的生物利用度，但其应用进行的临床试验仍然有限，临床前和临床试验面临各种挑战，例如工业水平的生产、保证纳米疗法的长期稳定性、生理障碍以及安全性和监管问题。这篇综述重点介绍了植物、细菌、真菌和海洋生物分泌的天然化合物纳米载体的最新进展，以及它们在抗癌治疗的细胞信号通路中的作用。此外，还讨论了临床应用中纳米载体中负载的天然化合物的临床状况和主要挑战。© 2024。作者。

Several efforts have been extensively accomplished for the amelioration of the cancer treatments using different types of new drugs and less invasives therapies in comparison with the traditional therapeutic modalities, which are widely associated with numerous drawbacks, such as drug resistance, non-selectivity and high costs, restraining their clinical response. The application of natural compounds for the prevention and treatment of different cancer cells has attracted significant attention from the pharmaceuticals and scientific communities over the past decades. Although the use of nanotechnology in cancer therapy is still in the preliminary stages, the application of nanotherapeutics has demonstrated to decrease the various limitations related to the use of natural compounds, such as physical/chemical instability, poor aqueous solubility, and low bioavailability. Despite the nanotechnology has emerged as a promise to improve the bioavailability of the natural compounds, there are still limited clinical trials performed for their application with various challenges required for the pre-clinical and clinical trials, such as production at an industrial level, assurance of nanotherapeutics long-term stability, physiological barriers and safety and regulatory issues. This review highlights the most recent advances in the nanocarriers for natural compounds secreted from plants, bacteria, fungi, and marine organisms, as well as their role on cell signaling pathways for anticancer treatments. Additionally, the clinical status and the main challenges regarding the natural compounds loaded in nanocarriers for clinical applications were also discussed.© 2024. The Author(s).