宫颈癌是一种可以预防的疾病。然而，在医疗保健运作良好的国家，发病率也出现停滞。在此基础上，我们调查了 2009 年至 2022 年丹麦的控制干预措施与宫颈癌发病率变化之间的关联。人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 疫苗接种数据取自 Staten 血清研究所；丹麦卫生局的筛查建议、丹麦宫颈筛查质量数据库的筛查表现；以及来自 Nordcan 和丹麦癌症登记处的宫颈癌发病率。我们报告了 HPV 疫苗接种的覆盖率（1 剂）；用宫颈细胞样本覆盖；进行初次 HPV 检测的女性人数；未及时随访的非正常细胞样本比例；锥切次数；和宫颈癌的发病率。到2022年，所有29岁以下女性均已接种儿童HPV疫苗，覆盖率达到80%-90%。到2020-2022年，20-29岁女性宫颈癌发病率为每10万人中有3人；达到消除疾病的水平。 2017年，70岁女性接受了一次性HPV筛查，到2020-2022年，宫颈癌发病的老年高峰已基本消失。 2009年至2022年，未及时随访的非正常细胞样本比例从20%下降至10%，传统细胞学大量被SurePath液基细胞学取代；这些因素可以解释宫颈癌发病率的稳步下降。 2021 年在 30-59 岁女性中实施初级 HPV 筛查可能会导致 2022 年宫颈癌发病率上升（可能是暂时的）。总之，结合干预措施与儿童 HPV 疫苗接种；对老年妇女进行一次性 HPV 筛查；更好的筛查管理打破了宫颈癌发病率之前的停滞状态。© 2024 作者。约翰·威利出版的《国际癌症杂志》

Cervical cancer is a preventable disease. Nevertheless, stagnation has been seen in incidence rates also in countries with well-functioning healthcare. On this basis, we investigated associations between control interventions and changes in cervical cancer incidence in Denmark from 2009 to 2022. Data on human papillomavirus (HPV)-vaccination were retrieved from Staten's Serum Institute; on screening recommendations from Danish Health Authority, on screening performance from Danish Quality Database for Cervical Screening; and on cervical cancer incidence from Nordcan and Danish Cancer Register. We reported coverage with HPV vaccination (1+ dose); coverage with cervical cell samples; number of women with primary HPV tests; proportion of non-normal cell samples without timely follow-up; number of conizations; and cervical cancer incidence rates. In 2022, all women aged ≤29 had been offered childhood HPV vaccination with coverage of 80%-90%. By 2020-2022, the cervical cancer incidence rate in women aged 20-29 was 3 per 100,000; at level of disease elimination. In 2017, women aged 70+ were offered a one-time HPV screening, and by 2020-2022, the old-age peak in cervical cancer incidence had largely disappeared. From 2009 to 2022, proportion of non-normal cell samples without timely follow-up decreased from 20% to 10%, and conventional cytology was largely replaced by SurePath liquid-based cytology; these factors could explain the steady decrease in cervical cancer incidence rate. Implementation of primary HPV screening in women aged 30-59 in 2021 was reflected in a, probably temporary, increase in the 2022 cervical cancer incidence rate. In conclusion, combined interventions with childhood HPV vaccination; one-time HPV screening of elderly women; and better management of screening broke previous stagnation in cervical cancer incidence rate.© 2024 The Author(s). International Journal of Cancer published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of UICC.