淋巴转移是阴茎癌治疗的主要挑战。淋巴转移个体的预后极差。因此，早期识别疾病进展和淋巴转移是全球阴茎癌研究人员的一项紧迫任务。在这项研究中，利用单细胞RNA测序，基于来自六名阴茎癌患者的46,861个细胞，建立了癌症生态系统的免疫图谱。癌症（四例有淋巴转移 [IV 期]，两例无淋巴转移 [I 期]）。使用批量RNA测序，根据7名阴茎癌患者描述了癌症与其各自转移淋巴结之间的差异。上皮细胞、成纤维细胞和内皮细胞之间的相互作用，以及侵袭、上皮间质转化、研究发现，阴茎癌生态系统中的重要景观是血管生成和血管生成，在癌症进展和淋巴结转移中发挥着重要作用。本研究首次探讨了阴茎癌从非淋巴癌向淋巴癌演变过程中肿瘤微环境异质性的改变。并提供对阴茎癌恶性进展、转移前生态位和淋巴转移的潜在机制的见解。© 2024 作者。约翰·威利出版的癌症医学

Lymphatic metastasis is the major challenge in the treatment of penile cancer. The prognosis of individuals with lymphatic metastasis is extremely poor. Therefore, early identification of disease progression and lymphatic metastasis is an urgent task for researchers in penile cancer worldwide.In this study, using single-cell RNA sequencing, an immune landscape was established for the cancer ecosystem based on 46,861 cells from six patients with penile cancer (four with lymphatic metastasis [stage IV] and two without lymphatic metastasis [stage I]). Using bulk RNA sequencing, the discrepancy between the cancers and their respective metastatic lymph nodes was depicted based on seven patients with penile cancer.The interaction between epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells, and the functional cooperation among invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis were found to be important landscapes in the penile cancer ecosystem, playing important roles in progression of cancer and lymph node metastasis.This study is the first to investigate the altered tumor microenvironment heterogeneity of penile cancer as it evolves from non-lymphatic to lymphatic metastasis and provides insights into the mechanisms underlying malignant progression, the premetastatic niche, and lymphatic metastasis in penile cancer.© 2024 The Author(s). Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.