石棉是一组 I 类 (WHO) 致癌纤维，是间皮瘤的主要原因。吸入石棉还会增加患其他实体瘤的风险，其中最突出的例子是肺癌[91]。据估计，石棉相关肺癌（ARLC）的发病率比间皮瘤的发病率高六倍，因此成为一个重要的健康问题[86]。尽管石棉在诱发肺癌方面的关键作用已得到充分证实，但接触石棉、烟草烟雾、氡气和“颗粒物”(PM2.5) 空气污染之间的确切因果关系仍然不清楚，需要新的知识来制定适当的预防措施并调整现有的筛查实践[22,61,65]。我们假设，从不吸烟者中诊断出的肺癌数量不断增加，部分原因是（历史上和当前）接触石棉以及不同形式的空气污染（PM2.5、石棉和二氧化硅）的组合。版权© 2024 作者。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。保留所有权利。

Asbestos, a group of class I (WHO) carcinogenic fibers, is the main cause of mesothelioma. Asbestos inhalation also increases the risk to develop other solid tumours with lung cancer as the most prominent example [91]. The incidence of asbestos-related lung cancer (ARLC) is estimated to be to six times larger than the mesothelioma incidence thereby becoming an important health issue [86]. Although the pivotal role of asbestos in inducing lung cancer is well established, the precise causal relationships between exposures to asbestos, tobacco smoke, radon and 'particulate' (PM2.5) air pollution remain obscure and new knowledge is needed to establish appropriate preventive measures and to tailor existing screening practices[22,61,65]. We hypothesize that a part of the increasing numbers of lung cancer diagnoses in never-smokers can be explained by (historic and current) exposures to asbestos as well as combinations of different forms of air pollution (PM2.5, asbestos and silica).Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.