传统的推注疫苗通常需要多次注射，这使疫苗接种过程变得复杂，并可能导致漏接种，导致免疫力次优并降低疫苗效果。在此，构建了一种基于锂皂石的具有自佐特性的凝胶长效疫苗系统，以简化疫苗接种程序并提高疫苗效果。首先，凝胶系统可以招募多种类型的免疫细胞形成免疫生态位。其次，它可以通过主动转运和被动引流实现抗原持续递送至淋巴结。然后，凝胶系统引发大量生发中心的形成，从而引发增强且持久的体液免疫反应以及强烈的细胞免疫反应。结果，它最终在包括黑色素瘤、结直肠癌和腹膜转移模型在内的多种肿瘤模型中表现出了良好的预防和治疗效果。通过进一步结合免疫佐剂CpG ODN和细胞因子IL-12，可以进一步增强凝胶疫苗的效果。在结直肠癌的小鼠腹膜转移模型中，单次施用凝胶疫苗导致 8/9 小鼠的肿瘤完全根除。总之，本研究开发了一种具有免疫活性的凝胶疫苗系统。作为一个强大且多功能的疫苗平台，通过加载不同的抗原和佐剂，这种凝胶疫苗系统有望实现其更好的治疗潜力。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。

Traditional bolus vaccines typically require multiple doses, which complicates the vaccination process and may cause missed shots, leading to sub-optimal immunity and reduced vaccine effectiveness. Herein, a gel-based long-acting vaccine system with self-adjuvant properties based on laponite was constructed to simplify vaccination procedures and improve vaccine effectiveness. Firstly, the gel system could recruit multiple types of immune cells to form immune niches. Secondly, it could achieve sustained delivery of antigens to lymph nodes by active transport and passive drainage. Then, the gel system triggered the formation of a large number of germinal centers, which elicited enhanced and durable humoral immune responses, as well as strong cellular immune responses. As a result, it eventually showed good prophylactic and therapeutic effects in a variety of tumor models including melanoma, colorectal cancer and peritoneal metastasis models. By further combining the immunoadjuvant CpG ODN and cytokine IL-12, the effect of the gel-vaccine could be further enhanced. In a murine peritoneal metastasis model of colorectal carcinoma, a single administration of the gel-vaccine resulted in complete tumor eradication in 8/9 mice. In summary, this study developed an immunologically active gel-vaccine system. And as a robust and versatile vaccine platform, by loading different antigens and adjuvants, this gel-vaccine system is expected to realize its better therapeutic potential.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.