旨在评估在希腊唯一的国家移植中心接受造血干细胞移植 (HSCT) 的儿童中甲状腺功能障碍的患病率及其与诊断和治疗相关的可能影响因素的关系。这是一项观察性、回顾性、单中心队列研究其中包括 194 名患者（58.6% 是男孩），他们在同种异体 HSCT 后存活了至少 1 年。预处理方案取决于移植时的诊断和有效方案。一些患者接受了放射治疗，要么是中枢神经系统预防（n = 20），要么是全身照射（TBI）（n = 8）。甲状腺评估包括促甲状腺激素、游离甲状腺素、甲状腺自身抗体和超声检查。采用单变量和多变量logistic模型检验上述因素与甲状腺功能减退症的关系。诊断时的平均年龄和骨髓移植(BMT)时的平均年龄分别为7.51±0.46岁和7.58±0.36岁。中位随访时间为 4.83 年。 33 例（17.7%）检测出甲状腺功能减退症，其中 4 例患者曾接受过 TBI。根据多变量分析，导致甲状腺功能减退的因素包括男性，[OR：3.005，95% CI (1.145-7.890)]，照射，[OR：2.876，95% CI (1.120-7.386)]，以及 HSCT 后的年数[ OR：1.148，95% CI (1.042-1.266)]，而恶性肿瘤仅在单变量分析中被识别。多变量模型呈现出良好的类别分离能力 [AUC = 72%, 95% CI (61.4%-82.4%)]，两名患者患有乳头状甲状腺癌，均为接受过 TBI 的儿童。这些数据强调了以下事实：男性和放射治疗是导致甲状腺功能减退症风险增加的两个独立因素。此外，甲状腺功能减退症的患病率随着 HSCT 后时间的推移而增加。© 2024。作者获得希腊内分泌学会的独家许可。

To evaluate the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and its association with possible contributing factors related to diagnosis and treatment in children who received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in the only national transplant unit in Greece.This is an observational, retrospective, single center cohort study that included 194 patients (58.6% boys) who survived for at least 1 year following allogeneic HSCT. Conditioning regimens depended upon diagnosis and protocols active at the time of transplantation. Some patients received irradiation, either central nervous system prophylaxis (n = 20), or total body irradiation (TBI) (n = 8). Thyroid gland evaluation included thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine, thyroid autoantibodies, and sonogram. Univariate and multivariate logistic models were used to examine the association of the above-mentioned factors with hypothyroidism.The mean age at diagnosis and at bone marrow transplant (BMT) in years was 7.51 ± 0.46 and 7.58 ± 0.36, respectively. The median follow-up time was 4.83 years. Hypothyroidism was detected in 33 cases (17.7%), four of those patients having received TBI. Factors contributing to hypothyroidism as per the multivariate analysis were male sex, [OR: 3.005, 95% CI (1.145-7.890)], irradiation, [OR: 2.876, 95% CI (1.120-7.386)], and years after HSCT [OR: 1.148, 95% CI (1.042-1.266)], while malignancy was identified only in the univariate analysis. The multivariate model presents a good class separation capacity [AUC = 72%, 95% CI (61.4%-82.4%)], Two patients had papillary thyroid cancer, both among children who had received TBI.These data highlight the fact that male sex and radiotherapy are two independent factors that lead to increased risk for hypothyroidism. Furthermore, the prevalence of hypothyroidism increases with time post HSCT.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Hellenic Endocrine Society.