类器官是源自干细胞的 3D 培养组织，类似于活器官的结构。基于神经发育方面积累的知识，通过诱导干细胞的自组织神经分化，创建了概括神经组织的神经类器官。神经类器官技术已应用于人类多能干细胞，以在培养物中分化 3D 人类神经组织。已经开发了多种方法来生成不同区域的神经组织。目前，神经类器官技术有几个显着的局限性，这些局限性正在被克服，以试图创造出更忠实地再现活体大脑的神经类器官。快速发展的神经类器官技术使得能够利用活体人类神经组织作为研究材料，有助于我们了解人类神经系统的发育、结构和功能，并有望用于克服神经系统疾病和再生医学。 © 2024 作者。

Organoids are 3D cultured tissues derived from stem cells that resemble the structure of living organs. Based on the accumulated knowledge of neural development, neural organoids that recapitulate neural tissue have been created by inducing self-organized neural differentiation of stem cells. Neural organoid techniques have been applied to human pluripotent stem cells to differentiate 3D human neural tissues in culture. Various methods have been developed to generate neural tissues of different regions. Currently, neural organoid technology has several significant limitations, which are being overcome in an attempt to create neural organoids that more faithfully recapitulate the living brain. The rapidly advancing neural organoid technology enables the use of living human neural tissue as research material and contributes to our understanding of the development, structure and function of the human nervous system, and is expected to be used to overcome neurological diseases and for regenerative medicine.© 2024 The Authors.