生姜（Zingiber officinale）是世界上最著名的香料和药用植物之一，自古以来就被用来治疗多种疾病，包括感冒、胃肠道不适、恶心和偏头痛。除此之外，越来越多的文献表明生姜还具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗癌和神经保护作用。生姜的有益作用可归因于其根茎中的生物活性化合物，如姜辣素、姜烯酚、姜油酮和paradols。在这些化合物中，姜辣素在新鲜根中含量最多，而姜烯酚是干姜的主要酚类化合物。在过去的二十年中，大量的体外和体内研究表明，姜中的主要酚类物质能够影响各种免疫细胞的功能，包括巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、树突状细胞和 T 细胞。尽管这些化合物的作用机制尚未完全阐明，但一些研究表明生姜成分能够靶向多种信号通路，从而提供了对其抗炎作用的机制见解。在本综述的第一部分中，我们总结了有关主要生姜化合物的免疫调节作用的现有文献，在第二部分中，我们重点关注其抗炎作用可能的分子机制。版权所有 © 2024 Pázmándi, Szöllősi 和 Fekete。

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most well-known spices and medicinal plants worldwide that has been used since ancient times to treat a plethora of diseases including cold, gastrointestinal complaints, nausea, and migraine. Beyond that, a growing body of literature demonstrates that ginger exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-cancer and neuroprotective actions as well. The beneficial effects of ginger can be attributed to the biologically active compounds of its rhizome such as gingerols, shogaols, zingerone and paradols. Among these compounds, gingerols are the most abundant in fresh roots, and shogaols are the major phenolic compounds of dried ginger. Over the last two decades numerous in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that the major ginger phenolics are able to influence the function of various immune cells including macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells and T cells. Although the mechanism of action of these compounds is not fully elucidated yet, some studies provide a mechanistic insight into their anti-inflammatory effects by showing that ginger constituents are able to target multiple signaling pathways. In the first part of this review, we summarized the current literature about the immunomodulatory actions of the major ginger compounds, and in the second part, we focused on the possible molecular mechanisms that may underlie their anti-inflammatory effects.Copyright © 2024 Pázmándi, Szöllősi and Fekete.