实体胃肠道肿瘤通常对复杂的肿瘤微环境（TME）的免疫治疗反应不佳，而免疫系统的改变会加剧这种情况。免疫衰老是由于衰老等因素导致免疫基因多样化增加，导致免疫系统识别功能下降的过程。这个过程涉及免疫器官、免疫细胞和衰老相关分泌表型（SASP）。最根本的变化是DNA损伤，导致TME重塑。主要表现为炎症恶化、免疫抑制性SASP产生增加、免疫细胞抗肿瘤活性降低、肿瘤相关成纤维细胞和髓源性抑制细胞积聚，导致抗肿瘤治疗效果降低。去除衰老细胞和阻止关键衰老过程的衰老疗法可以与其他治疗产生协同效应。本综述重点关注免疫发光及其对固体 TME 的影响。我们描述了免疫衰老 TME 的特征，并讨论了针对衰老的抗肿瘤治疗的未来方向。版权所有 © 2024 张、文、范、于、贾、彭、周、于和张。

Solid gastrointestinal tumors often respond poorly to immunotherapy for the complex tumor microenvironment (TME), which is exacerbated by immune system alterations. Immunosenescence is the process of increased diversification of immune genes due to aging and other factors, leading to a decrease in the recognition function of the immune system. This process involves immune organs, immune cells, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The most fundamental change is DNA damage, resulting in TME remodeling. The main manifestations are worsening inflammation, increased immunosuppressive SASP production, decreased immune cell antitumor activity, and the accumulation of tumor-associated fibroblasts and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, making antitumor therapy less effective. Senotherapy strategies to remove senescent cells and block key senescence processes can have synergistic effects with other treatments. This review focuses on immunoenescence and its impact on the solid TME. We characterize the immunosenescent TME and discuss future directions for antitumor therapies targeting senescence.Copyright © 2024 Zhang, Wen, Fan, Yu, Jia, Peng, Zhou, Yu and Zhang.