尽管接受了新一代抗逆转录病毒治疗，感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病 (WLHA) 的女性高危 HPV 感染 (HR-HPV) 和宫颈上皮内瘤变 (CIN) 的患病率仍较高，患宫颈癌的风险也较高。本研究的目的是评估 WLHA 中参与局部免疫反应的不同细胞因子的浓度，这对于了解该人群中 HPV 相关癌症的发病机制至关重要。IL-1β、IL-2、IL-4、在萨尔瓦多大学医院 Edgard Santos 教授的 106 例 WLHA 的宫颈阴道灌洗液 (CVL) 中对 IL-6、IL-10、IFN-γ、TNF-α、IP-10、GM-CSF 和 MIP-1α 进行了研究，巴西巴伊亚，2019 年 12 月至 2023 年 4 月期间，由 Luminex® 提供。所有参与者还接受了沙眼衣原体和淋病奈瑟菌检测，并接受了阴道镜检查、巴氏涂片和纽金特评分。对所有 WLHA 进行了 HIV 血浆病毒载量 (VL) 和 CD4 细胞计数。在本研究中，22.6% (24/106) 的 WLHA 感染了 HR-HPV。 HR-HPV 患者中可检测到 IL-10 水平的比例 (66.7%) 高于阴性患者 (40.2%，p = 0.02)。与绝经状态女性相比，更多绝经前女性患有 IL-6 (51.4%) 或 IP-10 (58.3%)（IL-6 为 26.5%，IP-10 为 32.4%，分别为 p = 0.013 和 p = 0.011） 。阴道病与 IP-10（24.2% vs. 61.4%，p < 0.001）和 INF-γ（39.4% vs. 68.6%，p = 0.005）的检测呈负相关。检测到 IL-1β（66.7% vs. 37.1%，p = 0.005）和 IL-10（63.6% vs. 37.1%，p = 0.01）呈正相关。 VL 和 CD4 与所研究的细胞因子无关。我们证明了 CVL 中 IL-10 与 HPV 感染之间呈正相关，表明 HIV/HPV 共感染患者中 Th2 反应占主导地位。然而，需要进行更长期的进一步研究来评估 WLHA 中 IL-10 与 HPV 感染、CIN 和宫颈癌的关联。版权所有 © 2024 Schindler、Netto、Deminco、Figueiredo、de Andrade、Alves 和 Brites。

Women living with HIV/AIDS (WLHA) have an increased prevalence of high-risk HPV infection (HR-HPV) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and a greater risk of cervical cancer despite access to a new generation of antiretroviral therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the concentrations of different cytokines involved in the local immune response in WLHA, which is fundamental for understanding the pathogenesis of HPV-related cancer in this population.IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IP-10, GM-CSF, and MIP-1α were investigated in the cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) of 106 WLHA attending at Hospital Universitario Professor Edgard Santos in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, during the period December 2019 to April 2023 by Luminex®. All participants were also tested for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae and underwent colposcopy, Pap smear, and Nugent score. HIV plasma viral load (VL) and CD4 cell count were performed for all WLHA.In this study, 22.6% (24/106) of WLHA were infected with HR-HPV. A higher proportion of patients with HR-HPV (66.7%) had detectable levels of IL-10 than those negative ones (40.2%, p = 0.02). More premenopausal women had either IL-6 (51.4%) or IP-10 (58.3%) than those in menopausal status (26.5% for IL-6 and 32.4% for IP-10, p = 0.013 and p = 0.011, respectively). Vaginosis was negatively associated with detection of IP-10 (24.2% vs. 61.4%, p < 0.001) and INF-γ (39.4% vs. 68.6%, p = 0.005). A positive association was detected for IL-1β (66.7 vs. 37.1%, p = 0.005) and IL-10 (63.6% vs. 37.1%, p = 0.01). VL and CD4 were not associated with the studied cytokines.We demonstrated a positive association between IL-10 and HPV infection in CVL, suggesting the predominance of the Th2 response in HIV/HPV co-infected patients. However, further studies with longer follow-up will be needed to evaluate the association of IL-10 with HPV infection, CIN, and cervical cancer in WLHA.Copyright © 2024 Schindler, Netto, Deminco, Figueiredo, de Andrade, Alves and Brites.