实体瘤是人类最常见的癌症类型，根据起源细胞分为肉瘤、淋巴瘤和癌。其中，由身体组织内衬的上皮细胞和腺细胞产生的癌症是最常见的。近年来，在世界范围内观察到实体瘤的发病率显着增加。在这种背景下，寻找更有效的癌症治疗方法的努力使人们对肿瘤微环境及其组成部分有了更深入的了解。目前，正在深入研究癌细胞与肿瘤微环境元素之间的相互作用。研究取得了显着进展，这主要归功于先进体外模型的发展，例如有助于理解并最终发现针对特定类型癌症的新有效治疗方法的芯片肿瘤模型。本文的目的是回顾肿瘤微环境和癌细胞成分，以及旨在模拟肿瘤的芯片上肿瘤模型的进展，为当前最先进的技术提供视角。最近使用这种重现肿瘤微环境的微型设备的研究使我们能够更好地了解癌症及其治疗方法。然而，该技术目前的应用存在一些局限性，寻求更深入的癌症知识和改进当前疗法的新策略的研究人员必须克服这些局限性，才能实现广泛的应用。

Solid tumors represent the most common type of cancer in humans and are classified into sarcomas, lymphomas, and carcinomas based on the originating cells. Among these, carcinomas, which arise from epithelial and glandular cells lining the body's tissues, are the most prevalent. Around the world, a significant increase in the incidence of solid tumors is observed during recent years. In this context, efforts to discover more effective cancer treatments have led to a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment and its components. Currently, the interactions between cancer cells and elements of the tumor microenvironment are being intensely investigated. Remarkable progress in research is noted, largely due to the development of advanced in vitro models, such as Tumor-on-a-Chip models that assist in understanding and ultimately discovering new effective treatments for a specific type of cancer. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the tumor microenvironment and cancer cell components, along with the advances on tumor-on-a-chip models designed to mimic tumors, offering a perspective on the current state-of-the-art. Recent studies using this kind of microdevices that reproduce the tumor microenvironment have allowed a better understanding of the cancer and its treatments. Nevertheless, current applications of this technology present some limitations that must be overcome in order to achieve a broad application by researchers looking for a deeper knowledge of cancer and new strategies to improve current therapies.