实体瘤微环境：组分与肿瘤芯片模型的现状挑战
The Microenvironment of Solid Tumors: Components and Current Challenges of Tumor-on-a-Chip Models
影响因子:4.60000
分区:医学2区 / 工程：生物医学2区 材料科学：生物材料2区 细胞与组织工程3区 细胞生物学3区
发表日期:2025 Jun
作者:
Ilva de Fátima Souza, João Paulo de Jesus Vieira, Elton Diêgo Bonifácio, Bethânia Alves de Avelar Freitas, Libardo Andres Gonzalez Torres
摘要
实体瘤是人类最常见的癌症类型，按起源细胞可分为肉瘤、淋巴瘤和上皮癌。其中，上皮癌由体内组织的上皮和腺体细胞衍生，是最常见的类型。近年来，全球实体瘤发病率显著上升。在此背景下，发现更有效的抗癌治疗措施的努力促进了对肿瘤微环境（TME）及其组分的深入理解。目前，癌细胞与TME各成分的相互作用正受到密切关注。得益于先进的体外模型如肿瘤芯片的开发，研究取得了显著进展，有助于理解和发现针对特定癌症的有效治疗方法。本文综述了TME及癌细胞组分的研究进展，介绍了用于模拟肿瘤的肿瘤芯片模型的最新进展，展望了这一领域的前沿。利用微型设备重现TME的研究，使我们更好理解癌症及其治疗，但目前应用仍存在一些限制，亟需突破以实现更广泛的临床应用和深入的癌症机制研究。
Abstract
Solid tumors represent the most common type of cancer in humans and are classified into sarcomas, lymphomas, and carcinomas based on the originating cells. Among these, carcinomas, which arise from epithelial and glandular cells lining the body's tissues, are the most prevalent. Around the world, a significant increase in the incidence of solid tumors is observed during recent years. In this context, efforts to discover more effective cancer treatments have led to a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and its components. Currently, the interactions between cancer cells and elements of the TME are being intensely investigated. Remarkable progress in research is noted, largely owing to the development of advanced in vitro models, such as tumor-on-a-chip models that assist in understanding and ultimately discovering new effective treatments for a specific type of cancer. The purpose of this article is to provide a review of the TME and cancer cell components, along with the advances on tumor-on-a-chip models designed to mimic tumors, offering a perspective on the current state of the art. Recent studies using this kind of microdevices that reproduce the TME have allowed a better understanding of the cancer and its treatments. Nevertheless, current applications of this technology present some limitations that must be overcome to achieve a broad application by researchers looking for a deeper knowledge of cancer and new strategies to improve current therapies.