美国预防服务工作组 (USPSTF) 最近将其对 40 至 49 岁女性进行乳房 X 光检查的建议从知情决策改为每两年进行一次筛查。尽管许多女性欢迎这一变化，但有些人可能不愿意在 40 岁时接受筛查。进行一项基于概率的美国全国调查，调查 39 至 49 岁女性的乳腺癌筛查偏好。乳腺癌事前调查筛选决策辅助（DA）干预。 （ClinicalTrials.gov：NCT05376241）。美国全国在线调查。495 名 39 至 49 岁无乳腺癌病史或已知 BRCA1/2 基因突变的女性。乳房 X 光检查筛查 DA 提供有关筛查益处和危害以及个性化乳房的信息癌症风险评估。筛查偏好（在 DA 之前和之后评估）、10 年盖尔模型风险评估，以及信息是否令人惊讶以及与过去的信息不同。在查看 DA 之前，27.0% 的参与者倾向于延迟筛查（vs在当前年龄进行乳房X光检查），而在DA之后则为38.5%。不想进行乳房 X 光检查的人数没有增加（DA 前为 5.4%，DA 后为 4.3%）。愿意推迟筛查的参与者比不愿意推迟筛查的参与者患乳腺癌的风险更低。 37.4% 的参与者对过度诊断的信息感到惊讶，而对于假阳性结果和筛查益处的信息，这一比例分别为 27.2% 和 22.9%。受访者的偏好可能受到当时 USPSTF 指南的影响。其中有 40 多岁的女性谁更愿意在年龄较大时进行乳房X光检查，尤其是在了解筛查的好处和危害之后。想要推迟筛查的女性比在当前年龄想要筛查的女性患乳腺癌的风险更低。许多人发现有关乳房X光检查的好处和危害的信息令人惊讶。国家癌症研究所。

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recently changed its recommendation for mammography screening from informed decision making to biennial screening for women aged 40 to 49 years. Although many women welcome this change, some may prefer not to be screened at age 40 years.To conduct a national probability-based U.S. survey to investigate breast cancer screening preferences among women aged 39 to 49 years.Pre-post survey with a breast cancer screening decision aid (DA) intervention. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05376241).Online national U.S. survey.495 women aged 39 to 49 years without a history of breast cancer or a known BRCA1/2 gene mutation.A mammography screening DA providing information about screening benefits and harms and a personalized breast cancer risk estimate.Screening preferences (assessed before and after the DA), 10-year Gail model risk estimate, and whether the information was surprising and different from past messages.Before viewing the DA, 27.0% of participants preferred to delay screening (vs. having mammography at their current age), compared with 38.5% after the DA. There was no increase in the number never wanting mammography (5.4% before the DA vs. 4.3% after the DA). Participants who preferred to delay screening had lower breast cancer risk than those who preferred not to delay. The information about overdiagnosis was surprising for 37.4% of participants versus 27.2% and 22.9% for information about false-positive results and screening benefits, respectively.Respondent preferences may have been influenced by the then-current USPSTF guideline.There are women in their 40s who would prefer to have mammography at an older age, especially after being informed of the benefits and harms of screening. Women who wanted to delay screening were at lower breast cancer risk than women who wanted screening at their current age. Many found information about the benefits and harms of mammography surprising.National Cancer Institute.