结直肠癌 (CRC) 是第三大常见癌症，也是癌症相关死亡的第二大原因。根据临床诊断和治疗，结直肠癌患者中约有50%发生肝转移，预后较差。肝脏独特的免疫耐受性促进了免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境（TME）。在肿瘤中，许多膜蛋白和分泌蛋白作为免疫调节分子与肿瘤免疫逃避有关，但这些蛋白如何促进结直肠癌肝转移（CRLM）中的免疫逃避仍不清楚。本文综述了最近发现的膜蛋白和分泌蛋白，这些蛋白在 TME 中同时发挥免疫刺激和免疫抑制分子的作用，影响 CRC 原发性和转移性病变的免疫逃避，特别是它们促进 CRLM 的机制。本文还讨论了用于识别 CRLM 中参与免疫逃避的蛋白质的筛选策略，并提供了对治疗 CRLM 的潜在蛋白质靶点的见解。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. According to clinical diagnosis and treatment, liver metastasis occurs in approximately 50% of CRC patients, indicating a poor prognosis. The unique immune tolerance of the liver fosters an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In the context of tumors, numerous membrane and secreted proteins have been linked to tumor immune evasion as immunomodulatory molecules, but much remains unknown about how these proteins contribute to immune evasion in colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM). This article reviews recently discovered membrane and secreted proteins with roles as both immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive molecules within the TME that influence immune evasion in CRC primary and metastatic lesions, particularly their mechanisms in promoting CRLM. This article also addresses screening strategies for identifying proteins involved in immune evasion in CRLM and provides insights into potential protein targets for treating CRLM.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.