尽管严重精神障碍 (SMD) 患者和普通人群 (GP) 的癌症发病率相似，但生存率较低，尤其是精神分裂症患者。虽然科学界和医学界承认癌症机制（包括风险因素和癌症类型）中的性别差异，但对 SMD 患者在发病率、死亡率和护理途径方面的性别差异和性别差异知之甚少。本综述旨在探讨 SMD 患者在癌症方面的这些差异。目前关于 SMD 癌症护理中的性别和性别差异的证据有限。目前尚不清楚这些因素如何影响 SMD 人群的癌症发病率和死亡率，以及它们是否与全科医生中的癌症发病率和死亡率相对应。文献经常忽略 SMD 相关癌症发病率中基于性别的差异的详细信息，使结论性分析复杂化。此外，与全科医生相比，SMD 患者在接受癌症筛查方面面临着巨大的挑战，并且在这方面关于性别差异的研究结果仍然没有定论。这篇综述强调，虽然癌症机制、发病率和生存率存在显着的性别差异存在于全科医生内部，但尚未完全融入临床实践。它强调需要解决癌症发病率、结果、死亡率和护理途径方面的差异，以加强对 SMD 患者的治疗。版权所有 © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 保留所有权利。

Although cancer incidence is similar between individuals with severe mental disorders (SMD) and the general population (GP), survival rates are lower, particularly in those with schizophrenia. While the scientific and medical communities acknowledge sex differences in cancer mechanisms, including risk factors and cancer types, less is known about sex and gender disparities in incidence, mortality, and care pathways among those with SMD. This review aims to explore these differences in cancer among individuals with SMD.Current evidence on sex and gender differences in cancer care for SMD is limited. It is unclear how these factors affect cancer incidence and mortality in the SMD population, and if they correspond to those in the GP. The literature frequently omits detailed information on sex-based differences in SMD-related cancer rates, complicating conclusive analysis. Moreover, people with SMD experience significant challenges in accessing cancer screenings compared to the GP, and findings on sex and gender disparities in this context remain inconclusive.This review emphasizes that while significant sex and gender-based differences in cancer mechanisms, incidence, and survival exist within the GP, they have not been fully integrated into clinical practice. It underscores the need of addressing these differences in cancer incidence, outcomes, mortality, and care pathways to enhance treatment for individuals with SMD.Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.