胶质瘤是中枢神经系统 (CNS) 中最常见的原发性恶性肿瘤，缺乏有效的治疗方法，其中超过 60% 的病例是胶质母细胞瘤 (GBM)，这是最具侵袭性的形式。尽管免疫疗法取得了进展，GBM 仍然具有高度耐药性。针对肿瘤抗原的方法加快了免疫疗法的发展，包括个性化肿瘤特异性疫苗、患者特异性靶标选择、树突状细胞 (DC) 疫苗以及嵌合抗原受体 (CAR) 和 T 细胞受体 (TCR) T 细胞。最近的研究表明，治疗 GBM 和低级别神经胶质瘤 (LGG) 取得了有希望的结果，为未来的免疫治疗带来了希望。这篇综述讨论了针对神经胶质瘤的肿瘤疫苗、免疫学研究中的临床前模型以及 CD4 T 细胞在疫苗诱导的抗肿瘤免疫中的作用。我们还总结了创造更有效疫苗的临床方法、挑战和未来研究。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。

Glioma, the most common primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system (CNS), lacks effective treatments, and >60% of cases are glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive form. Despite advances in immunotherapy, GBM remains highly resistant. Approaches that target tumor antigens expedite the development of immunotherapies, including personalized tumor-specific vaccines, patient-specific target selection, dendritic cell (DC) vaccines, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and T cell receptor (TCR) T cells. Recent studies show promising results in treating GBM and lower-grade glioma (LGG), fostering hope for future immunotherapy. This review discusses tumor vaccines against glioma, preclinical models in immunological research, and the role of CD4+ T cells in vaccine-induced antitumor immunity. We also summarize clinical approaches, challenges, and future research for creating more effective vaccines.Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.