化疗和放射治疗等传统治疗方法给癌症患者带来了沉重的身心挑战。令人鼓舞的是，肿瘤治疗的格局已经发生了全面而显着的转变。小分子靶向药物、抗体药物偶联物 (ADC)、细胞疗法和基因疗法逐渐成为人们热切追求的治疗方式。这些尖端的治疗方式不仅提供个性化和精确的肿瘤靶向，而且还为患者提供增强的治疗舒适度和阻止疾病进展的潜力。尽管如此，人们承认这些治疗策略仍然具有未开发的进一步发展潜力。全面了解这些治疗方式的优点和局限性有望为临床实践和基础研究工作提供新的视角。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了不同的治疗方式，包括小分子靶向药物、肽药物、抗体药物、细胞治疗和基因治疗。它将详细解释每种方法，解决其发展状况、临床挑战和潜在的解决方案。目的是帮助临床医生和研究人员更深入地了解这些不同的治疗方案，使他们能够进行有效的治疗并更有效地推进他们的研究。© 2024。作者。

Traditional therapeutic approaches such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy have burdened cancer patients with onerous physical and psychological challenges. Encouragingly, the landscape of tumor treatment has undergone a comprehensive and remarkable transformation. Emerging as fervently pursued modalities are small molecule targeted agents, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), cell-based therapies, and gene therapy. These cutting-edge treatment modalities not only afford personalized and precise tumor targeting, but also provide patients with enhanced therapeutic comfort and the potential to impede disease progression. Nonetheless, it is acknowledged that these therapeutic strategies still harbour untapped potential for further advancement. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the merits and limitations of these treatment modalities holds the promise of offering novel perspectives for clinical practice and foundational research endeavours. In this review, we discussed the different treatment modalities, including small molecule targeted drugs, peptide drugs, antibody drugs, cell therapy, and gene therapy. It will provide a detailed explanation of each method, addressing their status of development, clinical challenges, and potential solutions. The aim is to assist clinicians and researchers in gaining a deeper understanding of these diverse treatment options, enabling them to carry out effective treatment and advance their research more efficiently.© 2024. The Author(s).