系统评估当前有关用于检测和诊断膀胱癌 (BCa) 的先进光学成像方法的现有文献，特别关注这些技术的敏感性和特异性。首先进行范围搜索，以确定用于 BCa 检测的所有可用光学技术和诊断。用于检测BCa的光学成像技术有：Storz专业图像增强系统（IMAGE1 S）、窄带成像（NBI）、光声成像（PAI）、自发荧光成像（AFI）、光动力诊断（PDD）和扫描光纤内窥镜检查（SFE）。 BCa 的分期和分级技术包括：光学相干断层扫描 (OCT)、共焦激光内窥镜检查 (CLE)、拉曼光谱、内吞细胞镜检查和非线性光学显微镜检查 (NLO)。然后使用 MEDLINE、EMBASE 和 Web of Science 进行了从成立到 2023 年 11 月 21 日的系统文献检索。文章由两名独立审稿人筛选和选择。纳入标准为：报告特定技术的敏感性和特异性以及与组织病理学的比较，以及在检测技术与白光膀胱镜检查 (WLC) 的比较的情况下。在 6707 篇文章中，189 篇进行了全文审查，结果共 52 个内含物。没有文章符合 IMAGE1 S、PAI、SFE、拉曼光谱和内吞细胞镜检查的标准。所有检测技术均显示出比 WLC 更高的灵敏度，其中 NBI 领先 (87.8-100%)。总体而言，检测技术的特异性与 WLC 相当，其中 PDD 的特异性最高 (23.3-100%)。 CLE 和 OCT 的敏感性和特异性各不相同，与 CLE (62.5-81.3%) 相比，OCT 对 BCa 诊断显示出更高的特异性，特别是对原位癌 (97-99%)。基于两项小型离体研究的有限数据，NLO 表现出高灵敏度和特异性（分别为 90-97% 和 77-100%）。最有潜力的光学技术是用于检测 BCa 的 PDD 和用于分期和分级 BCa 的 OCT。进一步的研究对于验证其与常规实践的整合以及探索其他成像技术的价值至关重要。© 2024 作者。 BJU International 约翰·威利 (John Wiley) 出版

To systematically assess the current available literature concerning advanced optical imaging methods for the detection and diagnosis of bladder cancer (BCa), focusing particularly on the sensitivity and specificity of these techniques.First a scoping search was performed to identify all available optical techniques for BCa detection and diagnosis. The optical imaging techniques used for detecting BCa are: the Storz professional image enhancement system (IMAGE1 S), narrow-band imaging (NBI), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), autofluorescence imaging (AFI), photodynamic diagnosis (PDD), and scanning fibre endoscopy (SFE). The staging and grading techniques for BCa are: optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), Raman spectroscopy, endocytoscopy, and non-linear optical microscopy (NLO). Then a systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science from inception to 21 November 2023. Articles were screened and selected by two independent reviewers. Inclusion criteria were: reporting on both the sensitivity and specificity of a particular technique and comparison to histopathology, and in the case of a detection technique comparison to white light cystoscopy (WLC).Out of 6707 articles, 189 underwent full-text review, resulting in 52 inclusions. No articles met criteria for IMAGE1 S, PAI, SFE, Raman spectroscopy, and endocytoscopy. All detection techniques showed higher sensitivity than WLC, with NBI leading (87.8-100%). Overall, detection technique specificity was comparable to WLC, with PDD being most specific (23.3-100%). CLE and OCT varied in sensitivity and specificity, with OCT showing higher specificity for BCa diagnosis, notably for carcinoma in situ (97-99%) compared to CLE (62.5-81.3%). NLO demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity (90-97% and 77-100%, respectively) based on limited data from two small ex vivo studies.Optical techniques with the most potential are PDD for detecting and OCT for staging and grading BCa. Further research is crucial to validate their integration into routine practice and explore the value of other imaging techniques.© 2024 The Author(s). BJU International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of BJU International.