免疫疗法可能是过去十年来肺癌治疗中最显着的进步。尽管免疫治疗提供了实质性的益处，但其治疗反应与常规化疗和靶向治疗不同，并且一些患者呈现出独特的免疫治疗反应模式，无法在当前的测量标准下判断。因此，免疫治疗的反应监测可能具有挑战性，例如区分真实反应和伪反应。本综述概述了免疫治疗的各种肿瘤反应模式，并讨论了肺癌领域计算机断层扫描 (CT) 和 18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描 (PET) 的量化方法。还探讨了磁共振成像 (MRI) 和非 FDG PET 示踪剂方面的新兴技术。对于免疫治疗反应，成像在解剖放射反应 (CT/MRI) 和分子变化 (PET 成像) 中都至关重要。使用 CT 和 PET 评估治疗反应时必须考虑多个方面。最后，我们介绍了整合成像和非成像数据的多模式方法，并讨论了评估和预测肺癌对免疫治疗反应的未来方向。版权所有 © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 保留所有权利。

Immunotherapy is likely the most remarkable advancement in lung cancer treatment during the past decade. Although immunotherapy provides substantial benefits, their therapeutic responses differ from those of conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapy, and some patients present unique immunotherapy response patterns that cannot be judged under the current measurement standards. Therefore, the response monitoring of immunotherapy can be challenging, such as the differentiation between real response and pseudo-response. This review outlines the various tumor response patterns to immunotherapy and discusses methods for quantifying computed tomography (CT) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) in the field of lung cancer. Emerging technologies in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and non-FDG PET tracers are also explored. With immunotherapy responses, the role for imaging is essential in both anatomical radiological responses (CT/MRI) and molecular changes (PET imaging). Multiple aspects must be considered when assessing treatment responses using CT and PET. Finally, we introduce multimodal approaches that integrate imaging and nonimaging data, and we discuss future directions for the assessment and prediction of lung cancer responses to immunotherapy.Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.