了解高度复杂的肿瘤免疫景观是开发针对实体癌的新型免疫疗法的重要目标。为此，3D 癌症免疫模型已成为与患者相关的体外工具，用于建模肿瘤免疫景观及其内部的细胞相互作用。在这篇综述中，我们概述了 3D 癌症免疫模型的组成和应用，并讨论了它们从 2015 年到 2023 年的演变。具体来说，我们观察了用于治疗评估和治疗的原代细胞来源、基于 T 细胞的复杂模型的趋势。生物学发现。最后，我们描述了实施 3D 癌症免疫模型的挑战以及最大限度地发挥其潜力来破译复杂的肿瘤免疫微环境和识别新颖的临床相关药物靶点的机会。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。

Understanding the highly complex tumor-immune landscape is an important goal for developing novel immune therapies for solid cancers. To this end, 3D cancer-immune models have emerged as patient-relevant in vitro tools for modeling the tumor-immune landscape and the cellular interactions within it. In this review, we provide an overview of the components and applications of 3D cancer-immune models and discuss their evolution from 2015 to 2023. Specifically, we observe trends in primary cell-sourced, T cell-based complex models used for therapy evaluation and biological discovery. Finally, we describe the challenges of implementing 3D cancer-immune models and the opportunities for maximizing their potential for deciphering the complex tumor-immune microenvironment and identifying novel, clinically relevant drug targets.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.