本研究旨在评估透视引导下经皮经胸胸膜钳活检（PTPFB）对渗出性胸腔积液患者的诊断性能和程序特征。2014年5月1日至2023年2月28日期间接受PTPFB的渗出性胸腔积液患者，被纳入本次回顾性研究。评估经皮导管引流（PCD）和 PTPFB 之间的间隔、活检数量、手术时间和手术相关并发症。使用 PCD 引流、PTFPB 以及 PTPFB 和胸膜细胞学联合计算胸膜细胞学诊断恶性肿瘤的敏感性、特异性和准确性。 71 名患者，包括 50 名男性和 21 名女性（平均年龄，69.5 ± 15.3 岁）纳入本研究。最终诊断为良性病变48例（67.6%），恶性23例（32.4%）。 PCD 和活检之间的总体间隔为 2.4 ± 3.7 天。在接受延迟 PTPFB 的组中，PCD 和活检之间的间隔为 5.2 ± 3.9 天。活检的平均数量为 4.5 ± 1.3。平均手术时间为 4.4 ± 2.1 分钟。一名患者 (1.4%) 报告出现轻微出血并发症。胸膜细胞学检查、PTFPB 以及 PTPFB 和胸膜细胞学联合检查的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为 47.8% (11/23)、100% (48/48) 和 83.1% (59/71)；分别为 65.2% (15/23)、100% (48/48) 和 88.7% (63/71)；分别为 78.3% (18/23)、100% (48/48) 和 93.0% (66/71)。细胞学联合PTFPB的敏感性和准确性均显着高于单独细胞学检测（分别P = 0.008和0.001）。透视引导下的PTFPB对于渗出性胸腔积液患者是一种准确、安全的诊断技术，具有可接受的诊断性能、低并发症率和合理的手术时间。版权所有 © 2024 韩国放射学会。

This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and procedural characteristics of fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous transthoracic pleural forceps biopsy (PTPFB) in patients with exudative pleural effusion.Patients with exudative pleural effusion who underwent PTPFB between May 1, 2014, and February 28, 2023, were included in this retrospective study. The interval between percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) and PTPFB, number of biopsies, procedural time, and procedure-related complications were evaluated. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of diagnosing malignancy were computed for pleural cytology using PCD drainage, PTPFB, and combined PTPFB and pleural cytology.Seventy-one patients, comprising 50 male and 21 female (mean age, 69.5 ± 15.3 years), were included in this study. The final diagnoses were benign lesions in 48 patients (67.6%) and malignant in 23 patients (32.4%). The overall interval between PCD and biopsy was 2.4 ± 3.7 days. The interval between PCD and biopsy in the group that underwent delayed PTPFB was 5.2 ± 3.9 days. The mean number of biopsies was 4.5 ± 1.3. The mean procedural time was 4.4 ± 2.1 minutes. Minor bleeding complications were reported in one patient (1.4%). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for pleural cytology, PTPFB, and combined PTPFB and pleural cytology were 47.8% (11/23), 100% (48/48), and 83.1% (59/71), respectively; 65.2% (15/23), 100% (48/48), and 88.7% (63/71), respectively; and 78.3% (18/23), 100% (48/48), and 93.0% (66/71), respectively. The sensitivity and accuracy of cytology combined with PTPFB were significantly higher than those of cytological testing alone (P = 0.008 and 0.001, respectively).Fluoroscopy-guided PTPFB is an accurate and safe diagnostic technique for patients with exudative pleural effusion, with acceptable diagnostic performance, low complication rates, and reasonable procedural times.Copyright © 2024 The Korean Society of Radiology.