导管原位癌（DCIS）被世界卫生组织（WHO）肿瘤分类（WCT）认定为一种局限于乳腺导管和小叶的非侵袭性肿瘤性上皮增殖。本报告根据循证医学的现行证据水平和肿瘤病理学证据层次 (HETP) 对 WCT（乳腺肿瘤）第 5 版 DCIS 章节中引用的参考文献进行了分类，确定了可以为后续研究提供信息的潜在差距。该肿瘤的 WCT 版本。我们纳入了 WCT（乳腺肿瘤，第 5 版）DCIS 章节的所有引文。每个引文均根据其研究设计和证据水平进行评估。我们开发了引用证据图，它是肿瘤类型（列）和肿瘤描述符（行）的图形矩阵。用球体来表示证据，其大小和颜色分别对应于其数量和证据级别。检索到 36 种出版物。 DCIS章节引用的文献主要由病例系列组成，水平较低。我们发现肿瘤描述符之间的引用分布不均。 “发病机制”和“预后与预测”引用次数最多，而“临床特征”、“病因学”和“诊断分子病理学”各只有一个引用。 “预后和预测”在中等和高水平的证据中所占比例最大。我们的研究结果与病理学领域固有的观察性研究的倾向一致。我们的地图是未来绘制 DCIS 上所有可用证据的跳板，有可能增强 WCT 的编辑流程和未来版本。© 2024 作者。组织病理学由约翰·威利出版

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is recognised by the World Health Organisation (WHO) Classification of Tumours (WCT) as a non-invasive neoplastic epithelial proliferation confined to the mammary ducts and lobules. This report categorises the references cited in the DCIS chapter of the 5th edition of the WCT (Breast Tumours) according to prevailing evidence levels for evidence-based medicine and the Hierarchy of Evidence for Tumour Pathology (HETP), identifying potential gaps that can inform subsequent editions of the WCT for this tumour.We included all citations from the DCIS chapter of the WCT (Breast Tumours, 5th edition). Each citation was appraised according to its study design and evidence level. We developed our map of cited evidence, which is a graphical matrix of tumour type (column) and tumour descriptors (rows). Spheres were used to represent the evidence, with size and colour corresponding to their number and evidence level respectively. Thirty-six publications were retrieved. The cited literature in the DCIS chapter comprised mainly case series and were regarded as low-level. We found an unequal distribution of citations among tumour descriptors. 'Pathogenesis' and 'prognosis and prediction' contained the most references, while 'clinical features', 'aetiology' and 'diagnostic molecular pathology' had only a single citation each. 'Prognosis and prediction' had the greatest proportion of moderate- and high-levels of evidence.Our findings align with the disposition for observational studies inherent in the field of pathology. Our map is a springboard for future efforts in mapping all available evidence on DCIS, potentially augmenting the editorial process and future editions of WCTs.© 2024 The Author(s). Histopathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.