恩杂鲁胺和阿比特龙的免疫调节作用可能不同，泼尼松与阿比特龙合用可能会产生免疫抑制作用。本研究旨在比较接受恩杂鲁胺或阿比特龙联合雄激素剥夺治疗的前列腺癌患者不同类型感染的风险。 1999年12月至3月期间在香港接受恩杂鲁胺或阿比特龙联合雄激素剥夺治疗的前列腺癌患者这项回顾性队列研究确定了 2021 年的病例，并随访至 2021 年 9 月、死亡或交叉。结果，包括任何败血症、肺炎、尿路感染、蜂窝织炎或皮肤脓肿、中枢神经系统感染和结核病，均以事件发生时间结果（多变量细灰色回归，死亡率被视为竞争事件）和复发事件结局（多变量负二项式回归）。总共对 1582 名患者进行了分析（923 名阿比特龙使用者；659 名恩杂鲁胺使用者），中位随访时间为 10.6 个月（四分位距：5.3-19.9 个月）。与阿比特龙使用者相比，恩杂鲁胺使用者的败血症累积发生率较低（调整后的亚危险比 [SHR] 0.70 [0.53-0.93]，p = .014）、肺炎（调整后的 SHR 0.76 [0.59-0.99]，p = .040）、和蜂窝织炎或皮肤脓肿（调整后的 SHR 0.55 [0.39-0.79]，p = .001），但不包括尿路感染（调整后的 SHR 0.91 [0.62-1.35]，p = .643）。由于事件发生率较低，未评估暴露与中枢神经系统感染和结核病之间的关联。将结果分析为重复事件，得到了类似的结果。使用恩杂鲁胺可能会降低糖尿病患者尿路感染的风险。与阿比特龙使用者相比，恩杂鲁胺使用者患败血症、肺炎、蜂窝组织炎或皮肤脓肿的风险显着降低。© 2024 作者。 《癌症》由 Wiley periodicals LLC 代表美国癌症协会出版。

Enzalutamide and abiraterone may differ in their immunomodulatory effects, and the prednisone coadministered with abiraterone can be immunosuppressive. This study aimed to compare the risk of different types of infection in patients with prostate cancer receiving enzalutamide or abiraterone in combination with androgen deprivation therapy.Patients with prostate cancer receiving enzalutamide or abiraterone in addition to androgen deprivation therapy in Hong Kong between December 1999 to March 2021 were identified in this retrospective cohort study and followed up until September 2021, death, or crossover. Outcomes, including any sepsis, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, cellulitis or skin abscess, central nervous system infections, and tuberculosis, were analyzed as both time-to-event outcomes (multivariable Fine-Gray regression, with mortality considered a competing event) and recurrent-event outcomes (multivariable negative binomial regression).Altogether, 1582 patients were analyzed (923 abiraterone users; 659 enzalutamide users) with a median follow-up of 10.6 months (interquartile range: 5.3-19.9 months). Compared to abiraterone users, enzalutamide users had lower cumulative incidences of sepsis (adjusted subhazard ratio [SHR] 0.70 [0.53-0.93], p = .014), pneumonia (adjusted SHR 0.76 [0.59-0.99], p = .040), and cellulitis or skin abscess (adjusted SHR 0.55 [0.39-0.79], p = .001), but not urinary tract infection (adjusted SHR 0.91 [0.62-1.35], p = .643). Associations between exposure and central nervous system infections and tuberculosis were not assessed because of low event rates. Analyzing the outcomes as recurrent events gave similar results. Enzalutamide use may be associated with a lower risk of urinary tract infection in patients with diabetes mellitus.Compared to abiraterone users, enzalutamide users have significantly lower risks of sepsis, pneumonia, cellulitis, or skin abscess.© 2024 The Author(s). Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Cancer Society.