细胞因子对于调节免疫反应和细胞行为至关重要，在正常生理和癌症等疾病的病理学中发挥双重作用。这些分子，包括白细胞介素、干扰素、肿瘤坏死因子、趋化因子以及TGF-β、VEGF和EGF等生长因子，可以促进或抑制肿瘤生长，影响肿瘤微环境，并影响癌症治疗的疗效。针对这些途径的最新进展显示出有希望的治疗潜力，提供了调节免疫系统、抑制肿瘤进展和克服对传统疗法的耐药性的新策略。在这篇综述中，我们总结了针对癌症中细胞因子和趋化因子信号通路的当前理解和治疗意义。通过探索这些分子在肿瘤生物学和免疫反应中的作用，我们强调了旨在调节这些途径来对抗癌症的新型治疗剂的开发。该综述根据具体情况详细阐述了细胞因子作为肿瘤发生的促进剂和抑制剂的双重性质，并讨论了这给治疗干预带来的挑战和机遇。我们还研究了靶向治疗的最新进展，包括单克隆抗体、双特异性抗体、受体抑制剂、融合蛋白、工程细胞因子变体及其对肿瘤生长、转移和肿瘤微环境的影响。此外，我们评估了将这些靶向疗法与其他治疗方式相结合以克服耐药性并改善患者预后的潜力。此外，我们还专注于正在进行的研究和临床试验，这些研究和临床试验对于增进我们对癌症患者细胞因子和趋化因子靶向疗法的理解和应用至关重要。© 2024。作者。

Cytokines are critical in regulating immune responses and cellular behavior, playing dual roles in both normal physiology and the pathology of diseases such as cancer. These molecules, including interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factors, chemokines, and growth factors like TGF-β, VEGF, and EGF, can promote or inhibit tumor growth, influence the tumor microenvironment, and impact the efficacy of cancer treatments. Recent advances in targeting these pathways have shown promising therapeutic potential, offering new strategies to modulate the immune system, inhibit tumor progression, and overcome resistance to conventional therapies. In this review, we summarized the current understanding and therapeutic implications of targeting cytokine and chemokine signaling pathways in cancer. By exploring the roles of these molecules in tumor biology and the immune response, we highlighted the development of novel therapeutic agents aimed at modulating these pathways to combat cancer. The review elaborated on the dual nature of cytokines as both promoters and suppressors of tumorigenesis, depending on the context, and discussed the challenges and opportunities this presents for therapeutic intervention. We also examined the latest advancements in targeted therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, receptor inhibitors, fusion proteins, engineered cytokine variants, and their impact on tumor growth, metastasis, and the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, we evaluated the potential of combining these targeted therapies with other treatment modalities to overcome resistance and improve patient outcomes. Besides, we also focused on the ongoing research and clinical trials that are pivotal in advancing our understanding and application of cytokine- and chemokine-targeted therapies for cancer patients.© 2024. The Author(s).