肠道微生物组在胃肠道癌症中的关键作用正变得越来越清晰。肠道微生物群落失衡（称为生态失调）与各种胃肠道癌症的风险增加有关。梭杆菌和幽门螺杆菌等病原体分别与食道癌和胃癌的发病有关，而牙龈卟啉单胞菌和梭菌等微生物则与胰腺癌的较高风险相关。在结直肠癌中，已知具核梭杆菌等细菌会刺激肿瘤细胞的生长并触发促癌途径。另一方面，双歧杆菌等有益微生物具有保护作用，可能抑制胃肠道癌症的发展。操纵肠道微生物组的治疗干预措施的潜力是巨大的，包括设计抗肿瘤代谢物和采用基于微生物群的治疗的策略。尽管在了解微生物组对胃肠道癌症的影响方面取得了进展，但在识别和了解特定微生物物种及其代谢产物的精确贡献方面仍然存在重大挑战。这些知识对于利用肠道微生物组在开发胃肠道癌症的精确诊断和靶向治疗中的作用至关重要。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。

The critical role of the gut microbiome in gastrointestinal cancers is becoming increasingly clear. Imbalances in the gut microbial community, referred to as dysbiosis, are linked to increased risks for various forms of gastrointestinal cancers. Pathogens like Fusobacterium and Helicobacter pylori relate to the onset of esophageal and gastric cancers, respectively, while microbes such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Clostridium species have been associated with a higher risk of pancreatic cancer. In colorectal cancer, bacteria such as Fusobacterium nucleatum are known to stimulate the growth of tumor cells and trigger cancer-promoting pathways. On the other hand, beneficial microbes like Bifidobacteria offer a protective effect, potentially inhibiting the development of gastrointestinal cancers. The potential for therapeutic interventions that manipulate the gut microbiome is substantial, including strategies to engineer anti-tumor metabolites and employ microbiota-based treatments. Despite the progress in understanding the influence of the microbiome on gastrointestinal cancers, significant challenges remain in identifying and understanding the precise contributions of specific microbial species and their metabolic products. This knowledge is essential for leveraging the role of the gut microbiome in the development of precise diagnostics and targeted therapies for gastrointestinal cancers.Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.