纳米酶是具有内在类酶活性的纳米材料，与天然酶相比具有合成简单、活性可控、稳定性高、成本低等优点。这些材料已被探索作为生物传感、治疗、环境保护和许多其他领域中天然酶的替代品。在不同的纳米酶类别中，基于金属和金属氧化物的纳米酶研究最为广泛。近年来，双金属和三金属纳米材料的出现往往表现出改进的纳米酶活性，其中一些甚至具有多功能酶样活性。进一步深化这一概念，高熵纳米材料，即复杂的多组分合金和氧化物等陶瓷，可能会进一步增强活性。然而，添加各种元素来提高催化活性可能会以增加毒性为代价。由于目前正在探索许多纳米酶组合物用于体内生物医学应用，例如癌症治疗，因此与纳米酶在生物医学中应用相关的毒性考虑对于转化至关重要。本文分类如下：治疗方法和药物发现 > 纳米医学中的新兴技术毒理学和监管问题 > 纳米材料诊断工具毒理学 > 诊断纳米设备。© 2024 作者。 WIREs 纳米医学和纳米生物技术由 Wiley periodicals LLC 出版。

Nanozymes are nanomaterials with intrinsic enzyme-like activity with selected advantages over native enzymes such as simple synthesis, controllable activity, high stability, and low cost. These materials have been explored as surrogates to natural enzymes in biosensing, therapeutics, environmental protection, and many other fields. Among different nanozymes classes, metal- and metal oxide-based nanozymes are the most widely studied. In recent years, bi- and tri-metallic nanomaterials have emerged often showing improved nanozyme activity, some of which even possess multifunctional enzyme-like activity. Taking this concept even further, high-entropy nanomaterials, that is, complex multicomponent alloys and ceramics like oxides, may potentially enhance activity even further. However, the addition of various elements to increase catalytic activity may come at the cost of increased toxicity. Since many nanozyme compositions are currently being explored for in vivo biomedical applications, such as cancer therapeutics, toxicity considerations in relation to nanozyme application in biomedicine are of vital importance for translation. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Toxicology of Nanomaterials Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices.© 2024 The Author(s). WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.