炎症和免疫对多种急性和慢性疾病起着关键作用。炎症通路已越来越成为治疗的目标。然而，尽管机制和途径有很大相似性，科学、医学、制药和生物技术领域通常将项目重点集中在单一疾病实体或器官系统上。这种孤立性可能会阻碍创新的进展，也阻碍对炎症生物学的强大新见解的利用，而这些新见解已经成熟，可以进行临床转化。一个多学科智囊团的审查强调了炎症如何导致多种疾病、体内平衡紊乱、衰老和健康寿命受损。我们探讨了常见的炎症和免疫机制在各自领域的关键条件下如何发挥作用。本共识综述强调了炎症机制在各种不同条件下的高度共性，这些条件共同构成了全球发病率和死亡率负担的主要部分，并对公共卫生和资源消耗提出了巨大挑战。我们展示了如何共享这一点炎症机制将许多看似不同的疾病结合在一起，包括急性和慢性疾病。感染、心血管疾病、肺部疾病、风湿病、痴呆、癌症和衰老的例子说明了重叠的发病机制。我们概述了协同增效、减少重复和巩固临床、研究和制药界努力的机会。加强对这些共性的认识应该会促进交叉受精，并加快这个快速发展领域的进展。对共同机制的更多了解应该会简化临床医生对看似不同疾病的理解，并帮助他们认识到炎症是新疗法开发的一个治疗目标。 © 2024 Stichting 欧洲临床研究学会期刊基金会。约翰·威利出版

Inflammation and immunity contribute pivotally to diverse acute and chronic diseases. Inflammatory pathways have become increasingly targets for therapy. Yet, despite substantial similarity in mechanisms and pathways, the scientific, medical, pharma and biotechnology sectors have generally focused programs finely on a single disease entity or organ system. This insularity may impede progress in innovation and the harnessing of powerful new insights into inflammation biology ripe for clinical translation.A multidisciplinary thinktank reviewed highlights how inflammation contributes to diverse diseases, disturbed homeostasis, ageing and impaired healthspan. We explored how common inflammatory and immune mechanisms that operate in key conditions in their respective domains. This consensus review highlights the high degree of commonality of inflammatory mechanisms in a diverse array of conditions that together contribute a major part of the global burden of morbidity and mortality and present an enormous challenge to public health and drain on resources.We demonstrate how that shared inflammatory mechanisms unite many seemingly disparate diseases, both acute and chronic. The examples of infection, cardiovascular conditions, pulmonary diseases, rheumatological disorders, dementia, cancer and ageing illustrate the overlapping pathogenesis. We outline opportunities to synergize, reduce duplication and consolidate efforts of the clinical, research and pharmaceutical communities. Enhanced recognition of these commonalties should promote cross-fertilization and hasten progress in this rapidly moving domain.Greater appreciation of the shared mechanisms should simplify understanding seemingly disparate diseases for clinicians and help them to recognize inflammation as a therapeutic target which the development of novel therapies is rendering actionable.© 2024 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.