到 2022 年，世界卫生组织美洲地区 (AMR) 估计有 500 万人患有慢性乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染，这是全球肝细胞癌和肝硬化的主要原因。大多数慢性感染是通过母婴传播 (MTCT) 或儿童时期的水平传播获得的，可以通过乙型肝炎疫苗接种来预防，包括出生时注射一剂 (HepB-BD)，然后在婴儿期额外注射 2-3 剂 (HepB3) 。泛美卫生组织 (PAHO) 消除 HBV 感染母婴传播策略旨在通过实现 1) ≥95% 的 HepB 覆盖率，将儿童中的慢性 HBV 感染（通过乙型肝炎表面抗原 [HBsAg] 血清流行率衡量）降低至 ≤0.1% -BD和HepB3； 2) ≥80% 的孕妇接受了 HBsAg 检测，并向暴露于 HBV 的新生儿提供乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白。到2012年，所有51个AMR国家和地区（国家）在全国范围内提供HepB3，到2021年，34个（67%）在全国范围内提供HepB-BD。数学模型估计，在 51 个国家中的 14 个国家（28%）和区域一级，儿童 HBsAg 血清阳性率≤0.1%。 51 个国家中有 3 个国家 (6%) 在 2021 年和 2022 年期间实现了 HepB3 和 HepB-BD 95% 的覆盖率目标。其中两个国家可能达到了消除 HBV 感染母婴传播的标准。然而，到 2022 年，与 2012 年覆盖率数据进行比较的 41 个国家中，有 15 个国家 (37%) 的 HepB3 覆盖率下降了 10 个百分点以上。 HepB3 覆盖率的下降以及 17 个国家的常规免疫接种计划中没有 HepB-BD，威胁到 PAHO 在消除 HBV 感染母婴传播方面取得的进展。需要努力引入 HepB-BD 并保持较高的 HepB3 和 HepB-BD 覆盖率。

In 2022, an estimated 5 million persons in the World Health Organization Region of the Americas (AMR) were living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis worldwide. Most chronic infections are acquired through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) or horizontal transmission during childhood and are preventable with hepatitis B vaccination, including a birth dose (HepB-BD), followed by 2-3 additional doses (HepB3) in infancy. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Elimination of MTCT of HBV infection strategy is intended to reduce chronic HBV infection (measured by hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] seroprevalence) to ≤0.1% among children by achieving 1) ≥95% coverage with HepB-BD and HepB3; and 2) ≥80% of pregnant women received testing for HBsAg, and provision of hepatitis B immunoglobulin to HBV-exposed neonates. By 2012, all 51 AMR countries and territories (countries) provided HepB3 nationwide, and by 2021, 34 (67%) provided HepB-BD nationwide. Mathematical models estimate that HBsAg seroprevalence in children is ≤0.1% in 14 (28%) of 51 countries and at the regional level. Three (6%) of 51 countries met the 95% coverage targets for both HepB3 and HepB-BD during both 2021 and 2022. Of these, two have likely met criteria for the elimination of MTCT of HBV infection. However, in 2022, HepB3 coverage had declined by ≥10 percentage points in 15 (37%) of 41 countries with 2012 coverage data for comparison. These declines in HepB3 coverage, as well as the absence of HepB-BD in the routine immunization schedules in 17 countries, threaten PAHO's progress toward the elimination of MTCT of HBV infection. Efforts to introduce HepB-BD and maintain high HepB3 and HepB-BD coverage are needed.