免疫疗法的进步彻底改变了现代医疗保健模式。然而，许多患者对目前 FDA 批准的主要针对基于蛋白质的抗原或检查点的治疗方案反应不佳。目前在开发针对疾病相关聚糖的治疗策略方面取得的进展已经确定了一类新的糖免疫检查点，其功能与已建立的蛋白质免疫检查点正交。使用化学、酶和遗传方法的糖工程也因其改进生物制药的巨大潜力而​​得到越来越多的认可，例如使用抗原靶向剂定制疗法。在这里，我们回顾了抗体和细胞糖工程的最新发展和应用，以适应治疗应用。我们重点介绍癌症和免疫细胞的活细胞糖工程策略，通过利用预先存在的免疫机制或指导从头创建靶向剂，以提高针对特定抗原的治疗效果。我们还讨论了研究基础免疫肿瘤学的糖工程策略。总的来说，糖工程对抗原特异性免疫疗法的设计做出了重大贡献。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier Ltd。保留所有权利。

Advances in immunotherapy have revolutionized modern medical care paradigms. However, many patients respond poorly to the current FDA-approved treatment regimens that primarily target protein-based antigens or checkpoints. Current progress in developing therapeutic strategies that target disease-associated glycans has pinpointed a new class of glycoimmune checkpoints that function orthogonally to the established protein-immune checkpoints. Glycoengineering using chemical, enzymatic, and genetic methods is also increasingly recognized for its massive potential to improve biopharmaceuticals, such as tailoring therapies with antigen-targeting agents. Here, we review the recent development and applications of glycoengineering of antibodies and cells to suit therapeutic applications. We highlight living-cell glycoengineering strategies on cancer and immune cells for better therapeutic efficacy against specific antigens by leveraging the pre-existing immune machinery or instructing de novo creation of targeting agents. We also discuss glycoengineering strategies for studying basic immuno-oncology. Collectively, glycoengineering has a significant contribution to the design of antigen-specific immunotherapies.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.