服用阿片类药物的长期后果（例如滥用）一直是慢性非癌症疼痛患者的主要担忧。阿片类药物滥用也可能是接受阿片类药物治疗的癌症患者的一个后果，这鼓励我们进行这项系统评价，评估该人群中阿片类药物滥用的频率。搜索策略包括与癌症、阿片类药物滥用和频率相关的单词。 PubMed、Embase、PsycInfo 和 Cinahl 的检索时间从开始到 2023 年 7 月。选择前瞻性研究并对其频率、研究特征和质量进行分析。可以对一个亚组（阿片类药物滥用风险）进行荟萃分析。从筛选的 585 篇摘要中，纳入了 6 篇文章。仅发现患病率数据。阿片类药物滥用的发生率为 5.7% 至 84%，而阿片类药物滥用风险的发生率为 2.4% 至 35.4%。阿片类药物滥用风险的汇总患病率为 12.3%（95% CI：0.8-36.3；I2 = 98.4%，95% CI：97.2-99.1）。这些研究在方法、滥用定义和评估工具等方面存在差异。发现的研究很少，并且观察到阿片类药物滥用流行率和阿片类药物滥用风险存在巨大差异。方法论差异和研究质量强调了未来改进研究的重要性。© 2024。作者。

Long-term consequences of opioid consumption, such as misuse, have been a major concern in patients with chronic non-cancer pain. Potentially opioid misuse may also be a consequence in patients with cancer in opioid treatment which encouraged us to undertake this systematic review assessing the frequency of opioid misuse in this population.The search strategy comprised words related to cancer, opioid misuse, and frequency. PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, and Cinahl were searched from inception to July 2023. Prospective studies were selected and analysed regarding frequency, study characteristics, and quality. A meta-analysis was possible to carry out for a sub-group (opioid misuse risk).From 585 abstracts screened, six articles were included. Only prevalence data were found. The prevalence of opioid misuse ranged from 5.7% to 84%, while the prevalence of opioid misuse risk varied from 2.4% to 35.4%. The pooled prevalence of opioid misuse risk was 12.3% (95% CI: 0.8-36.3; I2 = 98.4%, 95% CI: 97.2-99.1). The studies differed regarding, e.g., methods, misuse definitions, and assessment instruments.Few studies were identified and large differences in prevalence for opioid misuse and opioid misuse risk were observed. Methodological disparities and the studies quality underscore the importance of improved studies in the future.© 2024. The Author(s).