内源性库欣综合征 (CS) 患者的癌症发病率尚未确定。在这里，我们的目的是评估 CS 患者与单独匹配的对照者相比的癌症风险。利用以色列 Clalit Health Services 数据库，对 2000 年至 2023 年间诊断的内源性 CS 患者进行了一项全国范围的回顾性匹配队列研究。肾上腺癌患者或异位CS被排除。 CS 患者以 1:5 的比例进行匹配，对照组则在年龄、性别、社会经济状况和体重指数方面进行单独匹配。主要结局定义为 CS 诊断后首次诊断出任何恶性肿瘤。使用 Cox 比例风险模型计算恶性肿瘤风险，将死亡作为竞争事件。总共纳入 609 名 CS 患者和 3018 名对照患者[诊断时的平均年龄为 48.0 ± 17.2 岁； 2371 名 (65.4%) 女性]。中位随访时间为 14.7 年（IQR，9.9-20.2 年）。与匹配的对照组相比，CS 患者的癌症风险增加，风险比 (HR) 为 1.78 (95% CI 1.44-2.20)。库欣病患者（251 例和 1246 名对照；HR 1.65，95% CI 1.15-2.36）和肾上腺 CS 患者（200 例和 991 名对照；HR 2.36，95% CI 1.70-3.29）恶性肿瘤风险升高）。在排除甲状腺恶性肿瘤后，CS 患者的癌症风险仍然增加。内源性 CS 与恶性肿瘤风险增加相关。这些发现强调需要进一步研究，以确定针对该人群的癌症筛查建议。© 作者 2024。由牛津大学出版社代表欧洲内分泌学会出版。版权所有。如需商业重复使用，请联系 reprints@oup.com 获取转载和转载的翻译权。所有其他权限都可以通过我们网站文章页面上的权限链接通过我们的 RightsLink 服务获得 - 如需了解更多信息，请联系journals.permissions@oup.com。

Cancer incidence in patients with endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) has never been established. Here, we aimed to assess the cancer risk in patients with CS as compared with individually matched controls.A nationwide retrospective matched cohort study of patients with endogenous CS diagnosed between 2000 and 2023 using the database of Clalit Health Services in Israel.Patients with adrenal carcinoma or ectopic CS were excluded. Patients with CS were matched in a 1:5 ratio, with controls individually matched for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and body mass index. The primary outcome was defined as the first diagnosis of any malignancy following a CS diagnosis. Risk of malignancy was calculated using the Cox proportional hazard model, with death as a competing event.A total of 609 patients with CS and 3018 controls were included [mean age at diagnosis, 48.0 ± 17.2 years; 2371 (65.4%) women]. The median follow-up was 14.7 years (IQR, 9.9-20.2 years). Patients with CS had an increased cancer risk, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.78 (95% CI 1.44-2.20) compared with their matched controls. The risk of malignancy was elevated in patients with Cushing's disease (251 cases and 1246 controls; HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.15-2.36) and in patients with adrenal CS (200 cases and 991 controls; HR 2.36, 95% CI 1.70-3.29). The increased cancer risk in patients with CS persists after exclusion of thyroid malignancies.Endogenous CS is associated with increased malignancy risk. These findings underscore the need for further research to establish recommendations for cancer screening in this population.© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of European Society of Endocrinology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.