肿瘤相关巨噬细胞 (TAM) 在癌症进展中至关重要，影响肿瘤生长、血管生成和免疫逃避。本综述探讨了肿瘤微环境 (TME) 中 TAM 的空间和时间异质性，强调了它们不同的亚型、起源和功能。单细胞测序和空间多组学等先进技术阐明了 TAM 与其他 TME 成分之间复杂的相互作用，揭示了它们的招募、极化和分布背后的机制。主要研究结果表明，TAM支持肿瘤血管化、促进上皮间质转化（EMT）、调节细胞外基质（ECM）重塑等，从而增强肿瘤的侵袭和转移。了解这些复杂的动态为破坏 TAM 介导的途径和克服耐药性提供了新的治疗靶点。本综述强调了针对 TAM 开发创新癌症疗法的潜力，强调需要进一步研究它们在 TME 中的空间特征和功能作用。© 2024。作者。

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are pivotal in cancer progression, influencing tumor growth, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. This review explores the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of TAMs within the tumor microenvironment (TME), highlighting their diverse subtypes, origins, and functions. Advanced technologies such as single-cell sequencing and spatial multi-omics have elucidated the intricate interactions between TAMs and other TME components, revealing the mechanisms behind their recruitment, polarization, and distribution. Key findings demonstrate that TAMs support tumor vascularization, promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and modulate extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, etc., thereby enhancing tumor invasiveness and metastasis. Understanding these complex dynamics offers new therapeutic targets for disrupting TAM-mediated pathways and overcoming drug resistance. This review underscores the potential of targeting TAMs to develop innovative cancer therapies, emphasizing the need for further research into their spatial characteristics and functional roles within the TME.© 2024. The Author(s).