本综述的目的是澄清狗最常见滑膜肿瘤的术语、可能的起源细胞和预期行为。滑膜内层由 2 种细胞类型组成，即 A 型和 B 型。A 型滑膜细胞是骨髓来源的组织细胞，可与针对组织细胞来源的典型标志物（例如 CD18、Iba-1 和 CD204）的抗体发生免疫反应。某些品种和以前曾受过关节损伤的狗，尤其是颅十字韧带断裂，容易患滑膜组织细胞肉瘤。 B型滑膜细胞是产生滑液的间充质细胞。 B 型滑膜细胞没有特异性标志物，但根据其肉眼和显微镜下的外观，滑膜粘液肉瘤（以前被认为是滑膜粘液瘤）被认为是 B 型滑膜细胞起源的。它们可以浸润到周围组织，但生长缓慢且很少转移，然后仅转移至区域淋巴结。滑膜组织细胞肉瘤和粘液肉瘤可引起关节周围多处骨骼溶解，但它们具有不同的预后，需要组织病理学，有时需要免疫组织化学来诊断。滑膜肉瘤和滑膜细胞肉瘤是人类医学文献中用于非滑膜起源的肿瘤的术语；这些术语不应在兽医学中使用。

The purpose of this review is to clarify the terminology, possible cells of origin, and expected behavior of the most common synovial tumors in dogs. The synovial lining consists of 2 cell types, type A and type B. Type A synoviocytes are histiocytes of bone marrow origin that are immunoreactive with antibodies against typical markers of histiocyte origin, such as CD18, Iba-1, and CD204. Certain breeds and dogs with previous injury to a joint, especially cranial cruciate ligament rupture, are predisposed to synovial histiocytic sarcoma. Type B synoviocytes are mesenchymal cells that produce synovial fluid. There are no specific markers of type B synoviocytes, but based on their gross and microscopic appearance, synovial myxosarcomas (previously considered synovial myxomas) are presumed to be of type B synoviocyte origin. These can infiltrate into surrounding tissues, but are slow-growing and rarely metastasize, and then only to regional lymph nodes. Synovial histiocytic sarcomas and myxosarcomas can cause lysis in multiple bones surrounding the joint, but they have different prognoses and require histopathology and sometimes immunohistochemistry to diagnose them. Synovial sarcoma and synovial cell sarcoma are terms used in the human medical literature for a tumor that is not of synovial origin; these terms should not be used in veterinary medicine.