目前最先进的治疗动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病（ASCVD）的效果已经停滞不前。治疗主要基于控制心血管危险因素，尤其是高脂血症。尽管 PCSK-9 抑制剂的最新进展支持 ASCVD 与高脂血症有关，但多项实验证据表明动脉粥样硬化也是由炎症驱动的。在过去的几年中，针对炎症来对抗 ASCVD 的 1、2 和 3 期临床试验表明，患者确实能够耐受此类免疫疗法，显示炎症标志物减少，和/或心血管终点事件减少。然而，寻找最佳抗炎或免疫调节策略以及对从此类治疗和适当的治疗方案中受益的患者进行分层来对抗 ASCVD 才刚刚开始。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注基于免疫检查点的疗法（共刺激和共抑制），其中许多疗法已获得美国食品和药物管理局批准用于治疗癌症或自身免疫性疾病，并讨论它们作为新型免疫治疗策略的用途治疗 ASCVD。© 2024 作者。

The benefits of current state-of-the-art treatments to combat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) have stagnated. Treatments are mostly based on controlling cardiovascular risk factors, especially hyperlipidemia. Although the most recent advances with PCSK-9 inhibitors support the hyperlipidemia aspect of ASCVD, several lines of experimental evidence have outlined that atherosclerosis is also driven by inflammation. In the past years, phase 1, 2, and 3 clinical trials targeting inflammation to combat ASCVD have revealed that patients do tolerate such immune therapies, show decreases in inflammatory markers, and/or have reductions in cardiovascular endpoints. However, the search for the optimal anti-inflammatory or immune-modulating strategy and the stratification of patients who would benefit from such treatments and appropriate treatment regimens to combat ASCVD is only just beginning. In this review, we focus on immune checkpoint-based therapeutics (costimulation and coinhibition), many of which are already approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of cancer or autoimmune diseases, and discuss their use as a novel immunotherapeutic strategy to treat ASCVD.© 2024 The Authors.