对于儿科肿瘤患者是否使用氟喹诺酮类药物预防，存在相互矛盾的建议。国际儿科临床实践指南 (CPG) 建议对接受强化化疗的急性髓细胞白血病和复发性急性淋巴细胞白血病患者进行左氧氟沙星预防，因为这种做法已被发现可以减少发烧和菌血症的发作。单独的欧洲 CPG 不建议使用左氧氟沙星进行预防，因为担心不良反应，包括增强氟喹诺酮耐药性以及可能增加对其他类别抗生素的耐药性。在已发表的证据的背景下讨论了给予或不给予预防的决定的细微差别，这些证据定义了左氧氟沙星预防对细菌感染高危儿童白血病患者的风险和益处。还确定了知识差距，以指导进一步研究，以优化接受癌症化疗或接受造血细胞移植的儿科患者中氟喹诺酮预防的使用。© 作者 2024。由牛津大学出版社代表《The Journal of the Journal》出版儿科传染病协会。版权所有。如需商业重复使用，请联系 reprints@oup.com 获取转载和转载的翻译权。所有其他权限都可以通过我们网站文章页面上的权限链接通过我们的 RightsLink 服务获得 - 如需了解更多信息，请联系journals.permissions@oup.com。

There are conflicting recommendations on whether to use or not to use fluoroquinolone prophylaxis in pediatric oncology patients. An international pediatric clinical practice guideline (CPG) recommends administering levofloxacin prophylaxis in patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia and relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving intensive chemotherapy as this practice has been found to reduce episodes of fever and bacteremia. A separate European CPG does not recommend levofloxacin prophylaxis because of concerns for adverse effects, including potentiation of fluoroquinolone resistance and possible increased resistance to other classes of antibiotics. The nuance for the decision to give or not give prophylaxis are discussed in the context of published evidence defining the risks and benefits of levofloxacin prophylaxis for pediatric leukemia patients at high risk for bacterial infection. Knowledge gaps are also identified to guide further investigations to optimize the use of fluoroquinolone prophylaxis in pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer or undergoing a hematopoietic cell transplantation.© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.