放射治疗是肿瘤学中广泛使用的治疗方法，通过向肿瘤组织传递高能粒子或波来实施。尽管放射治疗以肿瘤细胞为目标，但它可能对健康组织造成急性或长期损伤。因此，健康组织的保存一直是各种科学研究的重要课题。褪黑激素已被证明对许多组织和器官如肝脏、腮腺、大脑和睾丸具有辐射防护作用。本研究旨在评估不同剂量和剂量的褪黑激素对健康小鼠肺组织的辐射保护作用。本研究是一项随机病例对照研究，对 80 只大鼠进行，分为 10 组，每组 8 只。在 10 组中，第一组是对照组，不给予任何褪黑激素，第二组是不接受 RT 的组，仅给予褪黑激素，其他 8 组是 RT 组，其中 4 组使用褪黑激素，4 组不使用褪黑激素。未接受放射治疗且仅接受褪黑激素的第二组与对照组之间肺组织的组织病理学结果没有统计学差异。与接受褪黑激素的组相比，未接受褪黑激素的组因放疗引起的肺损伤在统计学上显着更高。这项研究表明，褪黑激素对接受放疗的大鼠具有针对放疗的细胞毒性损伤的保护作用。

Radiotherapy is a widely used treatment method in oncology, applied by delivering high-energy particles or waves to the tumor tissue. Although tumor cells are targeted with radiotherapy, it can cause acute or long-term damage to healthy tissues. Therefore, the preservation of healthy tissues has been an important subject of various scientific researches. Melatonin has been shown to have a radioprotective effect on many tissues and organs such as liver, parotid gland, brain, and testicles. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of melatonin against the radiation at various doses and rates administered to the lung tissue of healthy mice.This study was a randomized case-control study conducted with 80 rats comprising 10 groups with eight animals per group. Of the 10 groups, first is the control group, which is not given any melatonin, and second is the group that does not receive RT, which is given only melatonin, and the other eight groups are RT groups, four with melatonin and four without melatonin.There was no statistical difference in terms of histopathological findings in the lung tissue between the second group, which did not receive radiotherapy and received only melatonin, and the control group. Lung damage due to radiotherapy was statistically significantly higher in the groups that did not receive melatonin compared to the groups that received melatonin.This study revealed that melatonin has a protective effect against the cytotoxic damage of RT in rats receiving RT.