过继细胞疗法（ACT）彻底改变了癌症免疫疗法，促使人们探索其针对肿瘤病毒的应用。人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV)、乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV) 和 Epstein-Barr 病毒 (EBV) 等肿瘤病毒通过直接或间接致癌机制对人类恶性肿瘤产生显着影响 (12-25%)。这些病毒持续或潜伏地感染细胞，破坏细胞稳态和通路，挑战当前的抗病毒治疗模式。此外，病毒感染会给长期癌症治疗带来额外的风险，并导致发病率和死亡率。病毒编码的癌蛋白具有肿瘤限制性、免疫学外源性，甚至一致表达，是为患者量身定制的 ACT 的有希望的靶标。这篇综述阐明了利用病毒抗原特异性 ACT 对抗病毒相关恶性肿瘤的基本原理。在此基础上，正在进行的临床前研究巩固了我们对利用 ACT 对抗病毒恶性肿瘤的理解，强调了它们消除与癌症进展有关的病毒的潜力。此外，我们仔细审查了当前以病毒特异性 ACT 为重点的临床试验情况，并讨论了它们对治疗进展的影响。© 2024。作者。

Adoptive cell therapies (ACTs) have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy, prompting exploration into their application against oncoviruses. Oncoviruses such as human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contribute significantly (12-25%) to human malignancies through direct or indirect oncogenic mechanisms. These viruses persistently or latently infect cells, disrupt cellular homeostasis and pathways, challenging current antiviral treatment paradigms. Moreover, viral infections pose additional risks in the setting of long-term cancer therapy and lead to morbidity and mortality. Virally encoded oncoproteins, which are tumor-restricted, immunologically foreign, and even uniformly expressed, represent promising targets for patient-tailored ACTs. This review elucidates the rationale for leveraging viral antigen-specific ACTs in combating viral-associated malignancies. On this basis, ongoing preclinical studies consolidate our understanding of harnessing ACTs against viral malignancies, underscoring their potential to eradicate viruses implicated in cancer progression. Furthermore, we scrutinize the current landscape of clinical trials focusing on virus-specific ACTs and discuss their implications for therapeutic advancement.© 2024. The Author(s).