赖氨酸甲基化是一种重要的翻译后修饰 (PTM)，可显着影响基因表达调控。这种修饰不仅直接影响癌症的发展，而且对免疫系统也有重大影响。赖氨酸甲基化调节免疫细胞功能并塑造抗肿瘤免疫反应，突出其在肿瘤进展和免疫调节中的双重作用。在这篇综述中，我们全面概述了赖氨酸甲基化在免疫细胞激活和功能中的内在作用，详细说明了这些修饰如何影响细胞过程和信号通路。我们深入研究赖氨酸甲基化促进肿瘤免疫逃避的机制，使癌细胞能够逃避免疫监视并茁壮成长。此外，我们讨论了靶向赖氨酸甲基化在癌症免疫治疗中的治疗潜力。人们正在探索免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICIs) 和嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞 (CAR-T) 疗法等新兴策略在调节赖氨酸甲基化以增强抗肿瘤免疫反应方面的功效。通过针对这些修改，我们有可能提高现有治疗的有效性，并开发新的治疗方法来更有效地对抗癌症。© 2024。作者。

Lysine methylation is a crucial post-translational modification (PTM) that significantly impacts gene expression regulation. This modification not only influences cancer development directly but also has significant implications for the immune system. Lysine methylation modulates immune cell functions and shapes the anti-tumor immune response, highlighting its dual role in both tumor progression and immune regulation. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the intrinsic role of lysine methylation in the activation and function of immune cells, detailing how these modifications affect cellular processes and signaling pathways. We delve into the mechanisms by which lysine methylation contributes to tumor immune evasion, allowing cancer cells to escape immune surveillance and thrive. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting lysine methylation in cancer immunotherapy. Emerging strategies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, are being explored for their efficacy in modulating lysine methylation to enhance anti-tumor immune responses. By targeting these modifications, we can potentially improve the effectiveness of existing treatments and develop novel therapeutic approaches to combat cancer more effectively.© 2024. The Author(s).