累及肛管的浅表浸润性鳞状细胞癌（SISCC）和高级鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）很少见，其手术治疗涉及局部切除。内镜粘膜下剥离术（ESD）最近成为一种有前景的治疗方法。本研究旨在评估 ESD 治疗肛管内 SISCC 和 HSIL 的可行性和安全性。纳入了 2018 年 11 月至 2023 年 5 月期间诊断为肛管内 SISCC 或 HSIL 并接受 ESD 的所有患者。分析患者年龄、性别、病理、人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）状态、人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）状态、T分期、整块率和R0切除率。 10名患者，其中男性2名，女性8名，中位年龄61（51-68）岁的人被登记。所有患者均为 HIV 阴性，但 5 名 (50%) 为 HPV 阳性。病理检查显示肿瘤分期2例为T2，1例为SISCC T0，7例为HSIL Tis。标本和肿瘤的中位尺寸分别为 24 (6-65) mm 和 18 (6-55) mm。整体切除率和 R0 切除率分别为 100% 和 80%。随访期间（中位随访时间为 9 (1-35) 个月）未出现严重并发症，也未观察到复发。ESD 是一种可靠的微创手术，可为特定群体提供更个性化的治疗选择。由于我们受到观察期长度的限制，涉及肛管的 SISCC 和 HSIL 的 ESD 长期表现需要进一步研究。© 2024。Springer Nature Switzerland AG。

Superficially invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SISCC) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) involving the anal canal are rare, and their surgical management involves local excision. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has recently emerged as a promising treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of ESD for SISCC and HSIL in the anal canal.All patients diagnosed with SISCC or HSIL in the anal canal who underwent ESD between November 2018 and May 2023 were included. Patient age, sex, pathology, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, human papillomavirus (HPV) status, T stage, en bloc rate, and R0 resection rate were analyzed.Ten patients, including two men and eight women, with a median age of 61 (51-68) years were enrolled. All patients were HIV-negative, but five (50%) were HPV-positive. Pathological examination showed tumor stage of two patients as T2, one as T0 of SISCC, and seven as Tis of HSIL. The median specimen and tumor sizes were 24 (6-65) mm and 18 (6-55) mm, respectively. The en bloc and R0 resection rates were 100% and 80%, respectively. No severe complications occurred and no recurrence was observed at the follow-up (median follow-up period, 9 (1-35) months).ESD is a reliable and minimally invasive procedure that enables more individualized treatment options for specific groups. As we were limited by the length of the observation period, the long-term performance of ESD for SISCC and HSIL involving the anal canal requires further investigation.© 2024. Springer Nature Switzerland AG.