由于其高转移能力，皮肤黑色素瘤是最致命和最具侵袭性的皮肤癌。在过去的几十年里，随着靶向治疗和免疫治疗的出现，这类恶性肿瘤的治疗经历了一场重大革命，极大地改善了患者的生活质量和生存率。然而，由于副作用的存在和耐药机制的发展，反应率仍然不能令人满意。在这种背景下，肿瘤微环境已成为影响免疫治疗反应性和疗效的因素，对其与免疫系统相互作用的研究提供了新的有前景的临床策略。本综述通过分析积极方面和需要进一步改进的方面，对目前可用的黑色素瘤免疫治疗策略进行了简要概述。事实上，更好地了解黑色素瘤细胞免疫逃避的机制，特别关注肿瘤微环境的作用，可以为改进当前疗法和识别新的预测生物标志物提供基础。版权所有 © 2024 Sorino、Iezzi、Ciuffreda和法尔科内。

Cutaneous melanoma is the deadliest and most aggressive form of skin cancer owing to its high capacity for metastasis. Over the past few decades, the management of this type of malignancy has undergone a significant revolution with the advent of both targeted therapies and immunotherapy, which have greatly improved patient quality of life and survival. Nevertheless, the response rates are still unsatisfactory for the presence of side effects and development of resistance mechanisms. In this context, tumor microenvironment has emerged as a factor affecting the responsiveness and efficacy of immunotherapy, and the study of its interplay with the immune system has offered new promising clinical strategies. This review provides a brief overview of the currently available immunotherapeutic strategies for melanoma treatment by analyzing both the positive aspects and those that require further improvement. Indeed, a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the immune evasion of melanoma cells, with particular attention on the role of the tumor microenvironment, could provide the basis for improving current therapies and identifying new predictive biomarkers.Copyright © 2024 Sorino, Iezzi, Ciuffreda and Falcone.