真核基因组的相当一部分经历转录，导致产生缺乏蛋白质编码信息并且不进行翻译的非编码RNA分子。这些非编码 RNA (ncRNA) 被公认为在多种生物过程中发挥重要作用。长非编码 RNA (lncRNA) 代表了人类基因组中发现的最广泛的 ncRNA 类别。许多研究集中在调查顺式作用 lncRNA 在调节特定靶基因表达中的作用。在大多数情况下，有义基因表达通过其相应的反义对的调节以消极（不一致）的方式发生，导致靶基因的抑制。然而，有义和反义配对之间存在负相关的概念并不普遍有效。事实上，最近的几项研究报告了植物、芽殖酵母和哺乳动物癌细胞中相应的顺式反义对之间的正相关关系。反义转录本和有义转录本之间的正相关（一致）导致相同基因组基因座内有义转录本水平的增加。此外，改变染色质结构、形成 R 环和招募转录因子等机制可以通过反义对增强转录或稳定有义转录物。这项工作的主要目的是提供对反义调控两个方面的全面理解，特别关注真核基因表达背景下有义转录本和反义转录本之间的正相关性，包括其对癌症进展的影响。本文分类如下：RNA 处理 > 3' 末端处理调节 RNA/RNAi/Riboswitches > 调节 RNA。© 2024 作者。 WIREs RNA 由 Wiley periodicals LLC 出版。

A considerable proportion of the eukaryotic genome undergoes transcription, leading to the generation of noncoding RNA molecules that lack protein-coding information and are not subjected to translation. These noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are well recognized to have essential roles in several biological processes. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent the most extensive category of ncRNAs found in the human genome. Much research has focused on investigating the roles of cis-acting lncRNAs in the regulation of specific target gene expression. In the majority of instances, the regulation of sense gene expression by its corresponding antisense pair occurs in a negative (discordant) manner, resulting in the suppression of the target genes. The notion that a negative correlation exists between sense and antisense pairings is, however, not universally valid. In fact, several recent studies have reported a positive relationship between corresponding cis antisense pairs within plants, budding yeast, and mammalian cancer cells. The positive (concordant) correlation between anti-sense and sense transcripts leads to an increase in the level of the sense transcript within the same genomic loci. In addition, mechanisms such as altering chromatin structure, the formation of R loops, and the recruitment of transcription factors can either enhance transcription or stabilize sense transcripts through their antisense pairs. The primary objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive understanding of both aspects of antisense regulation, specifically focusing on the positive correlation between sense and antisense transcripts in the context of eukaryotic gene expression, including its implications towards cancer progression. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > 3' End Processing Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs.© 2024 The Author(s). WIREs RNA published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.