虽然阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停 (OSA) 和泌尿系统癌症都与缺氧密切相关，但关于它们之间的关联仍存在争议。本研究旨在总结和综合证据，以阐明 OSA 与泌尿系统癌症发病率和死亡率之间的关联。根据预先指定的方案，对 PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library 和 Scopus 进行了从研究开始到 2023 年 11 月 16 日期间的观察性和随机性检索研究报告了 OSA 与泌尿系统癌症发病率或死亡率的关联。我们使用随机效应逆方差加权模型汇集了最大协变量调整风险比（HR）。两名评审员使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表以及建议分级、评估、制定和评价框架独立评估证据质量。从 1814 条记录中，我们纳入了 12 项研究，总共 9 290 818 名参与者，其中 9 项研究进行了定量分析。 OSA 患者患肾癌（HR：1.75，95% 置信区间 [CI]：1.21-2.53）和膀胱癌（HR：1.76，95% CI：1.05-2.96）的风险增加。然而，OSA 与前列腺癌发病率无关（HR：1.29，95% CI：0.82-2.04）。我们系统地回顾了有关 OSA 和睾丸癌发病率以及泌尿系统癌症死亡率的证据。OSA 可能与肾癌和膀胱癌的较高风险相关，但与前列腺癌无关。未来的工作可能有助于阐明 OSA 与泌尿系统癌症之间剂量反应关系的可能性，以及 OSA 治疗对泌尿系统癌症发病率或进展的影响。这项研究强调了 OSA 与肾癌和膀胱癌之间的潜在纵向关联，但与前列腺癌无关cancer.版权所有 © 2024 欧洲泌尿外科协会。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。保留所有权利。

While obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and urological cancer are both strongly associated with hypoxia, controversy exists regarding their association with each other. This study aims to summarize and synthesize evidence to clarify the association between OSA and urological cancer incidence and mortality.According to a prespecified protocol, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched from inception to November 16, 2023, for observational and randomized studies reporting the association of OSA with urological cancer incidence or mortality. We pooled maximally covariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) using a random-effects inverse variance-weighted model. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of evidence using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework.From 1814 records, we included 12 studies comprising 9 290 818 participants in total, of which nine studies were analyzed quantitatively. OSA patients had an increased risk of kidney (HR: 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-2.53) and bladder (HR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.05-2.96) cancer. However, OSA was not associated with prostate cancer incidence (HR: 1.29, 95% CI: 0.82-2.04). We systematically reviewed evidence surrounding OSA and testicular cancer incidence and urological cancer mortality.OSA may be associated with a higher risk of kidney and bladder cancer, but not prostate cancer. Future work may help clarify the possibility of a dose-response relationship between OSA and urological cancer, and the effect of OSA treatment on urological cancer incidence or progression.This research highlights a potential longitudinal association between OSA and kidney and bladder cancer, but not prostate cancer.Copyright © 2024 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.