睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤 (TGCT) 是一种罕见疾病，约占全球男性新诊断癌症的 1%。在欧洲和北美，发病率从每 10 万名男性 7 例到 10 例不等。大约 2-5% 的单侧 TGCT 患者对侧睾丸也会出现生殖细胞原位肿瘤 (GCNIS)，至少 50% 的个体可能会进展为癌症。睾丸癌患者是否应进行常规对侧睾丸活检以检测 GCNIS 的存在仍存在争议。只有当患者的预后得到改善并且对睾丸功能几乎没有影响时，才需要进行 GCNIS 的筛查和治疗。在这篇综述中，我们评估了当前的指南建议以及有关对侧睾丸活检的问题。患者概要：在一个睾丸患有癌症的男性中，大约 2-5% 的人在另一个睾丸中也会出现具有癌潜能的细胞，称为原位生殖细胞肿瘤 (GCNIS)。这篇小型评论讨论了与另一个睾丸常规活检相关的问题以及男性睾丸癌 GCNIS 的危险因素和治疗选择。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。保留所有权利。

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are an uncommon disease accounting for roughly 1% of newly diagnosed cancers in men worldwide. Incidence rates vary from 7 to 10 per 100000 males in Europe and North America. Approximately 2-5% of patients with unilateral TGCT will also harbor germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) in the contralateral testicle, which may progress to cancer in at least 50% of individuals. The question of whether routine contralateral testicular biopsy should be performed in patients with testicular cancer to detect the presence of GCNIS remains controversial. Screening and treatment of GCNIS are warranted only if the patient's outcome will be improved and there will be little impact on testicular function. In this review, we evaluate current guideline recommendations and the issues concerning contralateral testicular biopsy. PATIENT SUMMARY: Among men with cancer in one testicle, about 2-5% will also have cells with cancerous potential, called germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS), in the other testicle. This mini-review discusses issues related to routine biopsy of the other testicle and the risk factors and treatment options for GCNIS in men with testicular cancer.Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.