小儿癌症是一组复杂且异质的疾病，继续挑战医学研究和治疗策略。尽管精准医学和免疫疗法取得了进展，但儿科癌症的某些侵袭性亚型对传统疗法具有抵抗力，需要进一步探索潜在的治疗靶点。中性粒细胞胞外陷阱（NET）是中性粒细胞释放的网状结构，已成为儿科癌症领域的潜在参与者。然而，我们对其在儿科肿瘤学中的作用的了解仍然有限。本系统综述探讨了儿科癌症 NET 文献的现状，重点关注最常见的亚型。该评论揭示了该领域研究的稀缺性，强调了进一步调查的必要性。现有的少数研究表明，NETs 可能会影响某些儿科恶性肿瘤的感染风险、治疗耐药性和预后。尽管该领域仍处于起步阶段，但它对于增进我们对儿科癌症生物学和潜在治疗途径的理解具有巨大的希望。影响：这篇综述指出了儿科癌症中性粒细胞胞外陷阱（NET）研究中的显着差距。它总结了现有研究及其有前景的发现和潜力，并全面概述了当前 NET 在某些肿瘤类型中的研究。它还强调缺乏针对儿科癌症的具体研究。该审查鼓励优先考虑儿科肿瘤学中的 NET 研究，目的是通过增加了解和有针对性的研究来改善预后并开发新的治疗方法。© 2024。作者获得国际儿科研究基金会, Inc. 的独家许可。

Pediatric cancer, a complex and heterogeneous group of diseases, continues to challenge medical research and treatment strategies. Despite advances in precision medicine and immunotherapy, certain aggressive subtypes of pediatric cancer are resistant to conventional therapies, requiring further exploration of potential therapeutic targets. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), net-like structures released by neutrophils, have emerged as a potential player in the pediatric cancer landscape. However, our understanding of their role in pediatric oncology remains limited. This systematic review examines the current state of the NETs literature in pediatric cancer, focusing on the most frequent subtypes. The review reveals the scarcity of research in this area, highlighting the need for further investigation. The few studies available suggest that NETs may influence infection risk, treatment resistance and prognosis in certain pediatric malignancies. Although the field is still in its infancy, it holds great promise for advancing our understanding of pediatric cancer biology and potential therapeutic pathways. IMPACT: This review identifies a significant gap in research on neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in pediatric cancer. It provides a summary of existing studies and their promising findings and potential, as well as a comprehensive overview of current research on NETs in certain tumor types. It also emphasizes the lack of specific studies in pediatric cancer. The review encourages the prioritization of NET research in pediatric oncology, with the aim of improving prognosis and developing new treatments through increased understanding and targeted studies.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc.