癌症疫苗（蛋白质和肽、DNA、mRNA 和肿瘤细胞）在癌症治疗方面取得了显着的成功。特别是，生物材料设计和制造的进步使得控制疫苗成分向免疫细胞的呈现和递送成为可能。这篇综述总结了主要数据库（包括 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science）的研究结果，重点关注已发表的文章2005 年至 2024 年期间讨论了癌症疫苗递送中的生物材料。癌症疫苗的发展受到几个瓶颈的阻碍，包括免疫原性低、疫苗成分不稳定以及评估其临床疗效的挑战。为了将临床前的成功转化为可行的治疗方法，必须追求持续创新、合作研究，并解决与可扩展性、监管途径和临床验证相关的问题，最终改善癌症治疗结果。

Cancer vaccines (protein and peptide, DNA, mRNA, and tumor cell) have achieved remarkable success in the treatment of cancer. In particular, advances in the design and manufacture of biomaterials have made it possible to control the presentation and delivery of vaccine components to immune cells.This review summarizes findings from major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on articles published between 2005 and 2024 that discuss biomaterials in cancer vaccine delivery.The development of cancer vaccines is hindered by several bottlenecks, including low immunogenicity, instability of vaccine components, and challenges in evaluating their clinical efficacy. To transform preclinical successes into viable treatments, it is essential to pursue continued innovation, collaborative research, and address issues related to scalability, regulatory pathways, and clinical validation, ultimately improving outcomes against cancer.