由于数据有限，外照射放射治疗 (EBRT) 在甲状腺癌 (TC) 中的作用仍然存在争议。回顾性研究表明，辅助 EBRT 有益于高危分化型甲状腺癌 (DTC) 和局限性未分化甲状腺癌 (ATC)，与手术和化疗相结合可增强局部控制和无进展生存期。调强放射治疗 (IMRT) 和粒子治疗 (PT)，包括质子、碳离子和硼中子捕获疗法 (BNCT)，代表了 TC 治疗的进步。根据 PRISMA 指南，我们回顾了 2002 年 1 月至 2024 年 1 月的 471 项研究，选择了 14 篇文章（10 篇临床前，4 篇临床）。临床前研究重点关注 ATC 小鼠模型中的 BNCT，显示出有希望的局部控制率。临床研究探索了质子、中子或光子放射治疗，报告了良好的结果和可控的毒性。虽然 PT 显示出生物学原理支持的前景，但仍需要进一步研究来阐明其在 TC 管理中的作用以及与系统治疗的潜在组合。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。

The role of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) in thyroid cancer (TC) remains contentious due to limited data. Retrospective studies suggest adjuvant EBRT benefits high-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and limited-stage anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), enhancing locoregional control and progression-free survival when combined with surgery and chemotherapy. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and particle therapy (PT), including protons, carbon ions, and Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT), represent advances in TC treatment. Following PRISMA guidelines, we reviewed 471 studies from January 2002 to January 2024, selecting 14 articles (10 preclinical, 4 clinical). Preclinical research focused on BNCT in ATC mouse models, showing promising local control rates. Clinical studies explored proton, neutron, or photon radiotherapy, reporting favorable outcomes and manageable toxicity. While PT shows promise supported by biological rationale, further research is necessary to clarify its role and potential combination with systemic treatments in TC management.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.